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РЕШУ ЕГЭ — английский язык
Вариант № 1094474
1.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те 6 вы­ска­зы­ва­ний. Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между вы­ска­зы­ва­ни­я­ми каж­до­го го­во­ря­ще­го A–F и утвер­жде­ни­я­ми, дан­ны­ми в спис­ке 1–7. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дое утвер­жде­ние, обо­зна­чен­ное со­от­вет­ству­ю­щей циф­рой, толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии есть одно лиш­нее утвер­жде­ние. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

1.  I ate little and rather irregularly.

2.  I am trying to get used to everyday healthy activities.

3.  I feel unable to stop myself from eating.

4.  I am afraid of having the same health problems as my relatives do.

5.  I am willing to return to a healthy lifestyle despite being tired.

6.  I am sure that I exercise enough while carrying out my everyday duties.

7.  I feel now like starting a healthy life again.

 

Го­во­ря­щийABCDEF
Утвер­жде­ние


2.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те диа­лог. Опре­де­ли­те, какие из при­ве­ден­ных утвер­жде­ний А–G со­от­вет­ству­ют со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста (1  — True), какие не со­от­вет­ству­ют (2  — False) и о чем в тек­сте не ска­за­но, то есть на ос­но­ва­нии тек­ста нель­зя дать ни по­ло­жи­тель­но­го, ни от­ри­ца­тель­но­го от­ве­та (3  — Not stated). За­не­си­те номер вы­бран­но­го Вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та в таб­ли­цу. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

A)  Rock stars’ income cannot be compared with income in any other professional category.

B)  Some rock stars admit that they earn more than they deserve.

C)  Being a good singer is more important than being lucky in show business.

D)  Star fans are not happy when a rock star appears too often on TV and in movies.

E)  Rock stars support charity programs in many different ways.

F)  Most rock stars end their life in poverty.

G)  The stage life of many rock stars is not long.

 

За­пи­ши­те в ответ цифры, рас­по­ло­жив их в по­ряд­ке, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щем бук­вам:

ABCDEFG
3.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

Sharon is invited to speak about how...

 

1.  ...her work influences her family life.

2.  ...she feels about working all over the world.

3.  ...she is bringing her children up.


4.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

How many children does Sharon have?

 

1.  Two.

2.  Four.

3.  Three.


5.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

What does Sharon say about her husband’s job of a computer scientist?

 

1.  He had to leave it.

2.  He manages to keep it.

3.  He hopes to get it.


6.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

Sharon’s husband’s name is...

 

1.  ...Finnian.

2.  ...Rowan.

3.  ...Julian.


7.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

Sharon tries not to stay away from her family for more than five weeks because...

 

1.  ...she thinks it’s her physical and emotional limit.

2.  ...she promised this to her husband.

3.  ...it’s general practice of the Red Cross.


8.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

The first place in Sharon’s heart is occupied by...

 

1.  ...aid work.

2.  ...both her family and aid work.

3.  ...her family.


9.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

What according to Sharon helped her remain true to her calling?

 

1.  Her husband’s help.

2.  Support of her children.

3.  The nature of her job.


10.  
i

Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между за­го­лов­ка­ми 1–8 и тек­ста­ми A–G. За­пи­ши­те свои от­ве­ты в таб­ли­цу. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дую цифру толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии есть один лиш­ний за­го­ло­вок.

 

1.  Education: the Way to the Top.

2.  From Agony to Love.

3.  Teaching to Learn.

4.  Learning That Never Stops.

5.  Things Worth Learning.

6.  The Right Word Can Bring Changes.

7.  What My Father Taught Me.

8.  The Power of Numbers.

 

A. Education has the power to transform a person’s life. I am the living example of this. When I was on the streets, I thought I was not good at anything but I wrote a poem, and it got published. I went back to school to learn. I have learned the benefit of research and reading, of debate and listening. One day soon a group of fresh-⁠faced college students will call me professor.

 

B. Language has the capacity to change the world and the way we live in it. People are often afraid to call things by their direct names, use taboos not to notice dangerous tendencies. Freedom begins with naming things. This has to happen in spite of political climates, careers being won or lost, and the fear of being criticized. After Helen Caldicott used the word ‘nuclear arms race’ an anti-⁠nuclear movement appeared.

 

C. I never wanted to be a teacher. Yet years later, I find myself teaching high school English. I consider my job to be one of the most important aspects of my life, still I do not teach for the love of teaching. I am a teacher because I love to learn, and I have come to realize that the best way to learn is to teach.

 

D. One day my sister and I got one and the same homework. My sister finished the task in 2 minutes and went off to play. But I could not do it, so I went into my sister’s room and quickly copied her work. But there was one small problem: my father caught me. He didn’t punish me, but explained that cheating makes people feel helpless. And then I was left feeling guilty for cheating.

 

E. Lifelong learning does not mean spending all my time reading. It is equally important to get the habit of asking such questions as ‘what don’t I know about this topic, or subject?’, ‘what can I learn from this moment or person?’, and ‘what more do I need to learn?’ regardless of where I am, who I am talking to, or what I am doing.

 

F. Math has always been something that I am good at. Mathematics attracts me because of its stability. It has logic; it is dependable and never changes. There might be some additions to the area of mathematics, but once mathematics is created, it is set in stone. We would not be able to check emails or play videogames without the computer solving complex algorithms.

 

G. When my high school English teacher asked us to read Shakespeare, I thought it was boring and too difficult. I agonized over the syntax  — I had never read anything like this. But now I am a Shakespeare professor, and enjoy teaching Hamlet every semester. Each time I re-⁠read the play, I find and learn something new for myself.

 

ТекстABCDEFG
За­го­ло­вок
11.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

 

If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research suggests.

Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of them told researchers that they A ______. Compared with those who did not eat quickly, fast-⁠eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100% more likely to В ______.

Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast С ______. They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: ‘If you eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you D _____.

The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one’s parents genes or E ______.

They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F ______, and allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. ‘The advice of our grandmothers about chewing everything 20 times might be true  — if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a positive influence on your weight.

 

1.  just overfill your stomach

2.  could be bad for your weight

3.  have a habit of eating quickly

4.  linked to obesity

5.  eat as slowly as possible

6.  put on weight

7.  learned at a very early age

 

Про­пускABCDEF
Часть пред­ло­же­ния
12.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


The fears of the users about the "millennium bug" were...

 

1.  ...overestimated.

2.  ...suppressed.

3.  ...unrealistic.

4.  ...justified.

13.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


Which of the following was NOT the reason why the "millennium bug" didn't work?

 

1.  The problem never existed.

2.  The new hardware had been installed.

3.  The manufacturers had improved software.

4.  The users took necessary precautions.

14.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


The number of available IP addresses is limited by...

 

1.  ...the number of computers connected to the Internet.

2.  ...the number of organizations applying.

3.  ...address space of the Internet protocol.

4.  ...the Internet protocol version.

15.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


The solution of the problem with the lack of IP addresses is to...

 

1.  ...add a temporary network.

2.  ...speed up research.

3.  ...improve the current Internet protocol.

4.  ...restrict the number of users.

16.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


The existing version of the protocol was believed appropriate because...

 

1.  ...the addresses were not permanent.

2.  ...another network was being developed.

3.  ...the net was created for research institutes only.

4.  ...no one expected the demand to grow.

17.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


The phrase "Internet of things" refers to...

 

1.  ...personal computers of the users.

2.  ...things ordered through the Internet.

3.  ...a new network replacing the current Internet.

4.  ...appliances with access to the Web.

18.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


Speaking of the future of the world-⁠wide web, the author appears to be...

 

1.  ...overexcited.

2.  ...hopeful.

3.  ...pessimistic.

4.  ...doubtful.

19.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово RISE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Global warming

In northern Québec and Labrador, temperatures __________________ two degrees Celsius since the mid-⁠1990s. That rise has helped more trees grow in the area which was previously too cold for trees.

20.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово WARM так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

And the more trees that grow, the __________________ the region becomes.

21.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово BE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

"The cold landscape that we are accustomed to in northern Canada __________________ a thing of the past soon," specialists predict.

22.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово INVITE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Sense of humour

 

There are many funny stories about Will Rogers, a famous American actor and humorist. Once he __________________ to the White House to meet President Calvin Coolidge.

23.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово MAKE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Rogers was cautioned not to try to be funny because the President had no sense of humour. Rogers bet that he __________________ Coolidge laugh within 20 seconds.

24.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово QUESTION так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

When the formal introduction was made and the words "Mr. President, may I introduce my friend, Mr. Will Rogers," were pronounced, Rogers held out his hand with a __________________ look and said, "Pardon me, I didn’t quite get the name."

25.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово WIN так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Coolidge roared with laughter, and Rogers __________________ the bet.

26.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова DEFENSE од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Castle Clinton

Castle Clinton was built in the times of Napoleonic wars and great tension between Britain and the US. New York was almost ______ and in a short time five new forts, Castle Clinton among them, were built.

27.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова ENTERTAIN од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

However, it was never used as a fortress. In 1824, it became a place of public ______.

28.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова SCIENCE од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

A newspaper described it as a "fanciful garden, tastefully ornamented with shrubs and flowers". The garden was the setting for band concerts, fireworks and demonstrations of the latest ______ achievements.

29.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова REMARK од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Many ______ people were honored at the Garden, President Andrew Jackson among them.

30.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова VISIT од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

In 1896 Castle Clinton became the city Aquarium and thousands of ______ rushed to see fish that came from the waters around New York.

31.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова VARY од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Later exotic fish from around the world were brought to the Aquarium and the collection grew in number and ______ .

32.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст с про­пус­ка­ми, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми но­ме­ра­ми 30–36. Эти но­ме­ра со­от­вет­ству­ют за­да­ни­ям 30–36, в ко­то­рых пред­став­ле­ны воз­мож­ные ва­ри­ан­ты от­ве­тов. Ука­жи­те номер вы­бран­но­го вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та.

DANIEL’S VACATION

Daniel sailed out of Southampton on the Queen Mary that evening with his mother waving from the dockside. It was nice to have someone to see him 30 ______, someone who cared about him. Daniel showed his passport to a ship’s officer at the gangplank and walked up into the ship. On deck, a steward looked at his ticket and directed him to his 31 ______. It was small but quite comfortable. He was excited as a child about his first trip abroad. While on board the great liner he wrote a long letter to his parents, which he posted five days later from Fifth Avenue. Early the following morning he purchased a ticket at a 32 ______ agency for a Pullman to Chicago. The train pulled out of Penn station at eight the same night, Daniel having spent a total of six hours in Manhattan where his only other purchase was a guide book of America. He couldn’t 33 ______ thinking about his parents. His parents didn’t know that he was going to Australia. They were sure he was going to spend his holidays in the USA.

Once the express had 34 ______the station, the Pullman carriage was attached to the super Chief which took him all the 35 ______ to San Francisco. Whenever the train pulled into a new station Daniel would leap off, buy a colourful postcard that indicated exactly where he was, fill in the white space with yet more information gained from the guide book before the train started to move. He would then post the filled-⁠in card at the following stop and repeat the process. By the time the express had arrived 36 ______ Oakland station, San Francisco, Daniel had posted twenty-⁠seven different cards back to his parents in the Little Boltons.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  About.

2.  To.

3.  Off.

4.  On.

33.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст с про­пус­ка­ми, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми но­ме­ра­ми 30–36. Эти но­ме­ра со­от­вет­ству­ют за­да­ни­ям 30–36, в ко­то­рых пред­став­ле­ны воз­мож­ные ва­ри­ан­ты от­ве­тов. Ука­жи­те номер вы­бран­но­го вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та.

DANIEL’S VACATION

Daniel sailed out of Southampton on the Queen Mary that evening with his mother waving from the dockside. It was nice to have someone to see him 30 ______, someone who cared about him. Daniel showed his passport to a ship’s officer at the gangplank and walked up into the ship. On deck, a steward looked at his ticket and directed him to his 31 ______. It was small but quite comfortable. He was excited as a child about his first trip abroad. While on board the great liner he wrote a long letter to his parents, which he posted five days later from Fifth Avenue. Early the following morning he purchased a ticket at a 32 ______ agency for a Pullman to Chicago. The train pulled out of Penn station at eight the same night, Daniel having spent a total of six hours in Manhattan where his only other purchase was a guide book of America. He couldn’t 33 ______ thinking about his parents. His parents didn’t know that he was going to Australia. They were sure he was going to spend his holidays in the USA.

Once the express had 34 ______the station, the Pullman carriage was attached to the super Chief which took him all the 35 ______ to San Francisco. Whenever the train pulled into a new station Daniel would leap off, buy a colourful postcard that indicated exactly where he was, fill in the white space with yet more information gained from the guide book before the train started to move. He would then post the filled-⁠in card at the following stop and repeat the process. By the time the express had arrived 36 ______ Oakland station, San Francisco, Daniel had posted twenty-⁠seven different cards back to his parents in the Little Boltons.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Compartment.

2.  Cabin.

3.  Carriage.

4.  Suite.

34.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст с про­пус­ка­ми, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми но­ме­ра­ми 30–36. Эти но­ме­ра со­от­вет­ству­ют за­да­ни­ям 30–36, в ко­то­рых пред­став­ле­ны воз­мож­ные ва­ри­ан­ты от­ве­тов. Ука­жи­те номер вы­бран­но­го вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та.

DANIEL’S VACATION

Daniel sailed out of Southampton on the Queen Mary that evening with his mother waving from the dockside. It was nice to have someone to see him 30 ______, someone who cared about him. Daniel showed his passport to a ship’s officer at the gangplank and walked up into the ship. On deck, a steward looked at his ticket and directed him to his 31 ______. It was small but quite comfortable. He was excited as a child about his first trip abroad. While on board the great liner he wrote a long letter to his parents, which he posted five days later from Fifth Avenue. Early the following morning he purchased a ticket at a 32 ______ agency for a Pullman to Chicago. The train pulled out of Penn station at eight the same night, Daniel having spent a total of six hours in Manhattan where his only other purchase was a guide book of America. He couldn’t 33 ______ thinking about his parents. His parents didn’t know that he was going to Australia. They were sure he was going to spend his holidays in the USA.

Once the express had 34 ______the station, the Pullman carriage was attached to the super Chief which took him all the 35 ______ to San Francisco. Whenever the train pulled into a new station Daniel would leap off, buy a colourful postcard that indicated exactly where he was, fill in the white space with yet more information gained from the guide book before the train started to move. He would then post the filled-⁠in card at the following stop and repeat the process. By the time the express had arrived 36 ______ Oakland station, San Francisco, Daniel had posted twenty-⁠seven different cards back to his parents in the Little Boltons.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Travel.

2.  Trip.

3.  Journey.

4.  Voyage.

35.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст с про­пус­ка­ми, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми но­ме­ра­ми 30–36. Эти но­ме­ра со­от­вет­ству­ют за­да­ни­ям 30–36, в ко­то­рых пред­став­ле­ны воз­мож­ные ва­ри­ан­ты от­ве­тов. Ука­жи­те номер вы­бран­но­го вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та.

DANIEL’S VACATION

Daniel sailed out of Southampton on the Queen Mary that evening with his mother waving from the dockside. It was nice to have someone to see him 30 ______, someone who cared about him. Daniel showed his passport to a ship’s officer at the gangplank and walked up into the ship. On deck, a steward looked at his ticket and directed him to his 31 ______. It was small but quite comfortable. He was excited as a child about his first trip abroad. While on board the great liner he wrote a long letter to his parents, which he posted five days later from Fifth Avenue. Early the following morning he purchased a ticket at a 32 ______ agency for a Pullman to Chicago. The train pulled out of Penn station at eight the same night, Daniel having spent a total of six hours in Manhattan where his only other purchase was a guide book of America. He couldn’t 33 ______ thinking about his parents. His parents didn’t know that he was going to Australia. They were sure he was going to spend his holidays in the USA.

Once the express had 34 ______the station, the Pullman carriage was attached to the super Chief which took him all the 35 ______ to San Francisco. Whenever the train pulled into a new station Daniel would leap off, buy a colourful postcard that indicated exactly where he was, fill in the white space with yet more information gained from the guide book before the train started to move. He would then post the filled-⁠in card at the following stop and repeat the process. By the time the express had arrived 36 ______ Oakland station, San Francisco, Daniel had posted twenty-⁠seven different cards back to his parents in the Little Boltons.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Keep.

2.  Help.

3.  Stay.

4.  Get.

36.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст с про­пус­ка­ми, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми но­ме­ра­ми 30–36. Эти но­ме­ра со­от­вет­ству­ют за­да­ни­ям 30–36, в ко­то­рых пред­став­ле­ны воз­мож­ные ва­ри­ан­ты от­ве­тов. Ука­жи­те номер вы­бран­но­го вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та.

DANIEL’S VACATION

Daniel sailed out of Southampton on the Queen Mary that evening with his mother waving from the dockside. It was nice to have someone to see him 30 ______, someone who cared about him. Daniel showed his passport to a ship’s officer at the gangplank and walked up into the ship. On deck, a steward looked at his ticket and directed him to his 31 ______. It was small but quite comfortable. He was excited as a child about his first trip abroad. While on board the great liner he wrote a long letter to his parents, which he posted five days later from Fifth Avenue. Early the following morning he purchased a ticket at a 32 ______ agency for a Pullman to Chicago. The train pulled out of Penn station at eight the same night, Daniel having spent a total of six hours in Manhattan where his only other purchase was a guide book of America. He couldn’t 33 ______ thinking about his parents. His parents didn’t know that he was going to Australia. They were sure he was going to spend his holidays in the USA.

Once the express had 34 ______the station, the Pullman carriage was attached to the super Chief which took him all the 35 ______ to San Francisco. Whenever the train pulled into a new station Daniel would leap off, buy a colourful postcard that indicated exactly where he was, fill in the white space with yet more information gained from the guide book before the train started to move. He would then post the filled-⁠in card at the following stop and repeat the process. By the time the express had arrived 36 ______ Oakland station, San Francisco, Daniel had posted twenty-⁠seven different cards back to his parents in the Little Boltons.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Reached.

2.  Went.

3.  Arrived.

4.  Came.

37.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст с про­пус­ка­ми, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми но­ме­ра­ми 30–36. Эти но­ме­ра со­от­вет­ству­ют за­да­ни­ям 30–36, в ко­то­рых пред­став­ле­ны воз­мож­ные ва­ри­ан­ты от­ве­тов. Ука­жи­те номер вы­бран­но­го вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та.

DANIEL’S VACATION

Daniel sailed out of Southampton on the Queen Mary that evening with his mother waving from the dockside. It was nice to have someone to see him 30 ______, someone who cared about him. Daniel showed his passport to a ship’s officer at the gangplank and walked up into the ship. On deck, a steward looked at his ticket and directed him to his 31 ______. It was small but quite comfortable. He was excited as a child about his first trip abroad. While on board the great liner he wrote a long letter to his parents, which he posted five days later from Fifth Avenue. Early the following morning he purchased a ticket at a 32 ______ agency for a Pullman to Chicago. The train pulled out of Penn station at eight the same night, Daniel having spent a total of six hours in Manhattan where his only other purchase was a guide book of America. He couldn’t 33 ______ thinking about his parents. His parents didn’t know that he was going to Australia. They were sure he was going to spend his holidays in the USA.

Once the express had 34 ______the station, the Pullman carriage was attached to the super Chief which took him all the 35 ______ to San Francisco. Whenever the train pulled into a new station Daniel would leap off, buy a colourful postcard that indicated exactly where he was, fill in the white space with yet more information gained from the guide book before the train started to move. He would then post the filled-⁠in card at the following stop and repeat the process. By the time the express had arrived 36 ______ Oakland station, San Francisco, Daniel had posted twenty-⁠seven different cards back to his parents in the Little Boltons.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Path.

2.  Road.

3.  Way.

4.  Line.

38.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст с про­пус­ка­ми, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми но­ме­ра­ми 30–36. Эти но­ме­ра со­от­вет­ству­ют за­да­ни­ям 30–36, в ко­то­рых пред­став­ле­ны воз­мож­ные ва­ри­ан­ты от­ве­тов. Ука­жи­те номер вы­бран­но­го вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та.

DANIEL’S VACATION

Daniel sailed out of Southampton on the Queen Mary that evening with his mother waving from the dockside. It was nice to have someone to see him 30 ______, someone who cared about him. Daniel showed his passport to a ship’s officer at the gangplank and walked up into the ship. On deck, a steward looked at his ticket and directed him to his 31 ______. It was small but quite comfortable. He was excited as a child about his first trip abroad. While on board the great liner he wrote a long letter to his parents, which he posted five days later from Fifth Avenue. Early the following morning he purchased a ticket at a 32 ______ agency for a Pullman to Chicago. The train pulled out of Penn station at eight the same night, Daniel having spent a total of six hours in Manhattan where his only other purchase was a guide book of America. He couldn’t 33 ______ thinking about his parents. His parents didn’t know that he was going to Australia. They were sure he was going to spend his holidays in the USA.

Once the express had 34 ______the station, the Pullman carriage was attached to the super Chief which took him all the 35 ______ to San Francisco. Whenever the train pulled into a new station Daniel would leap off, buy a colourful postcard that indicated exactly where he was, fill in the white space with yet more information gained from the guide book before the train started to move. He would then post the filled-⁠in card at the following stop and repeat the process. By the time the express had arrived 36 ______ Oakland station, San Francisco, Daniel had posted twenty-⁠seven different cards back to his parents in the Little Boltons.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  In.

2.  For.

3.  To.

4.  At.

39.  
i

You have received a letter from your English-⁠speaking pen friend Tom who writes:

 

...In Great Britain young people want to become independent from their parents as soon as possible. Could you tell me what you and your friends think about not relying on your parents? Are you ready to leave your family immediately after you finish school? Is it easy to rent a house or an apartment for students in Russia?

As for the latest news, I have just returned from a trip to Scotland ...

 

Write a letter to Tom. In your letter answer his questions, ask 3 questions about his trip to Scotland. Write 100−140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

40.  
i

Вы­бе­ри­те толь­ко ОДНО из двух пред­ло­жен­ных вы­ска­зы­ва­ний и вы­ра­зи­те свое мне­ние по пред­ло­жен­ной про­бле­ме со­глас­но дан­но­му плану.

 

Comment on one of the following statements.

 

1.  Some of my friends say there's nothing better than reading a good book while others would rather watch its film version.

2.  A person who is fluent in a foreign language can easily work as an interpreter.

 

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position

41.  
i

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

 

Is French toast from France? Yes and no. Dipping bread in eggs and frying it is a pretty universal solution to making stale bread go further. The French certainly had a medieval version and this later became a name that has been enthusiastically adopted for the de luxe versions. The earliest recorded recipe for the dish occurs in the work of the Roman cook in the first century AD. In his book The Art of Cooking, he writes, rather casually, that it’s just another sweet dish.

However, the dish was also sometimes referred to as ‘Poor Knights of Windsor’. One theory offered in explanation is that the most expensive part of a medieval banquet was dessert  — spices and nuts were costly imports. Although titled, not all knights were rich, so a dish of fried eggy-⁠bread served with jam or honey would have fulfilled the requirements of etiquette without breaking the bank.

42.  
i

Study the advertisement.

 

 

You are considering having a holiday and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out about the following:

 

1)  location

2)  accommodation

3)  fishing

4)  price for a week for one

5)  group discounts

 

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

43.  
i

These are photos from your photo album. Choose one photo to describe to your friend.

 

1

2

3

 

You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12–15 sentences). In your talk remember to speak about:

• where and when the photo was taken

• what/who is in the photo

• what is happening

• why you keep the photo in your album

• why you decided to show the picture to your friend

You have to talk continuously, starting with: "I’ve chosen photo number… "

44.  
i

Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:

 

• give a brief description of the photos (action, location)

• say what the pictures have in common

• say in what way the pictures are different

• say what pet presented in the photo you'd like to have more

• explain why

 

You will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.