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РЕШУ ЕГЭ — английский язык
Вариант № 3301259
1.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те 6 вы­ска­зы­ва­ний. Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между вы­ска­зы­ва­ни­я­ми каж­до­го го­во­ря­ще­го A–F и утвер­жде­ни­я­ми, дан­ны­ми в спис­ке 1–7. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дое утвер­жде­ние, обо­зна­чен­ное со­от­вет­ству­ю­щей циф­рой, толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии есть одно лиш­нее утвер­жде­ние. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

1.  Using the Internet is a good way of studying English.

2.  The Internet has all kinds of interesting forums.

3.  The Internet helps with shopping.

4.  The Internet is ideal for being a freelance worker.

5.  The Internet helps to learn about different cultures.

6.  The Internet can be dangerous for users.

7.  The Internet gives quick access to the information you need.

 

Го­во­ря­щийABCDEF
Утвер­жде­ние


2.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те диа­лог. Опре­де­ли­те, какие из при­ве­ден­ных утвер­жде­ний А–G со­от­вет­ству­ют со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста (1  — True), какие не со­от­вет­ству­ют (2  — False) и о чем в тек­сте не ска­за­но, то есть на ос­но­ва­нии тек­ста нель­зя дать ни по­ло­жи­тель­но­го, ни от­ри­ца­тель­но­го от­ве­та (3  — Not stated). За­не­си­те номер вы­бран­но­го Вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та в таб­ли­цу. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

A)  The woman wants to find out details about ordering a special book for her son's birthday.

B)  The birthday special includes a tour of the cinema.

C)  The cinema provides food and drink but it costs extra.

D)  It is NOT safe to leave things in the birthday room during the film.

E)  You must pay for the birthday room before the day of the party.

F)  The cinema is fully booked on the day of the boy’s birthday.

G)  The woman is going to pay for the special online.

 

За­пи­ши­те в ответ цифры, рас­по­ло­жив их в по­ряд­ке, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щем бук­вам:

ABCDEFG
3.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

Watching the displays at the exhibition the speaker was eager to test personally...

 

1.  ...only some of them.

2.  ...the first twelve.

3.  ...all of them.


4.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

The speaker came to the exhibition...

 

1.  ...alone.

2.  ...with James.

3.  ...with a group of friends.


5.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

The speaker managed to do well in the...

 

1.  ...Brush boarding.

2.  ...Roller skiing.

3.  ...Land yachting.


6.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

The speaker didn’t do well in the Aquathlon because...

 

1.  ...he didn’t take it seriously.

2.  ...he was saving energy for Kite surfing.

3.  ...it was technically tricky.


7.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

The secret of successful Kite surfing lies in...

 

1.  ...choosing the largest possible kite.

2.  ...‘jumping’ and landing smoothly.

3.  ...avoiding getting dragged in the air.


8.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

The speaker stopped Kite surfing after 30 minutes because...

 

1.  ...of extreme tiredness.

2.  ...there was an off shore wind.

3.  ...the instructor suggested it.


9.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

All the displays were...

 

1.  ...experimental models with designers used as instructors.

2.  ...real practiced sports.

3.  ...computer installations of real sports.


10.  
i

Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между за­го­лов­ка­ми 1–8 и тек­ста­ми A–G. За­пи­ши­те свои от­ве­ты в таб­ли­цу. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дую цифру толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии есть один лиш­ний за­го­ло­вок.

 

1.  The wrong goal.

2.  Extra-⁠curricular over load.

3.  Too much homework.

4.  Arguably helpful.

5.  Too stressful.

6.  Too many distractions.

7.  A better system.

8.  Poor co-⁠ordination.

 

A. My problem with homework is that I am rather fond of TV and computer games. Every evening after school it is the same. I start with the highest intentions. I’ll just play one round of Final fantasy and then begin. But it tends to be three rounds and then tea time. Oh  — and then my favourite program begins in 10 minutes so I’ll start after that. And so it goes on. Probably I lack motivation.

 

B. It is so much faster doing homework these days. All our assignments can be done on the PC which means correcting and changing things is so easy. But of course the Internet is the biggest shortcut of all. Maybe it’s true what they say that it stops you reading textbooks. You get snatches of information rather than the whole story. Maybe I should try to use the internet less.

 

C. I am a drummer and a pianist. The school really encourages this and I have two one hour lessons a week plus one to two hours daily practice. I am in the basketball team. The school encourages this and we practice twice a week. I got picked to be in the school play. Rehearsals are two hours a week. Will somebody please tell me when I am supposed to get my homework done?

 

D. Exam practice, constant revision, exam techniques and how to get the highest possible grade  — is this what education is supposed to be about? The school seems obsessed with grades and the school results league table. We are currently 17th highest achievers in England but if we really try hard this year we might make top 10. Silly me! I thought education was about learning and preparing for adult life.

 

E. For some kids exams bring more pressure than they can cope with. They worry about what their parents will say, not to mention what their teachers or classmates will think. No wonder some of them freeze up in the exam hall and are unable to write anything out of sheer nerves.

 

F. Why do they do it? We get three weeks in a row with minimal homework and then every teacher in the school sets a massive assignment to be completed "by next Friday  — no late submissions". Why don’t they get together and try and even the load?

 

G. I think Continuous Assessment is a very sensible idea. Education should not simply be about slick exam performance, but about overall how you perform in school  — how you study, how much you read, how logical and clear your essay arguments are. 50% of our final grading should be based on course work. I think it is fair.

 

ТекстABCDEFG
За­го­ло­вок
11.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

 

Duration of life and its social implications

The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A ______, with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.

The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The В ______ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.

The US census bureau was the first to sound the С ______. Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on carers and social services providers, D ______ for health services and pensions systems.

"People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives," the authors conclude. "This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ______ ."

Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ______ population that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.

 

1.  which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country

2.  alarm about these changes

3.  a huge shift towards an ageing population

4.  change is due to

5.  while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications

6.  which shows the balance between working-⁠age people and the older

7.  as proportions of older people increase in most countries

 

 

Про­пускABCDEF
Часть пред­ло­же­ния
12.  
i

A good night’s sleep  — an impossible dream?

Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-⁠eye. That’s what American doctors advise.

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days  — and, increasingly, nights  — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-⁠the-⁠clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century  — and the problem is likely to get worse.

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. "People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange," says one of them. "It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude." Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that

allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-⁠activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-⁠to-⁠5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.

As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-⁠work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shiftwork’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-⁠hour credit-⁠card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as "therapeutic caffeine use", but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.


The advice of American doctors is all about...

 

1.  ...ways to reduce negative effect of modern technologies.

2.  ...complex measures that ensure healthy sleep.

3.  ...positive effect of herbal therapy.

4.  ...the process of restoring from unexpected psychological stress.

13.  
i

A good night’s sleep  — an impossible dream?

Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-⁠eye. That’s what American doctors advise.

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days  — and, increasingly, nights  — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-⁠the-⁠clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century  — and the problem is likely to get worse.

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. "People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange," says one of them. "It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude." Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that

allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-⁠activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-⁠to-⁠5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.

As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-⁠work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shiftwork’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-⁠hour credit-⁠card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as "therapeutic caffeine use", but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.


Americans are referred to as a "somnambulant nation" because they...

 

1.  ...need special help to fall asleep.

2.  ...are sleepwalkers.

3.  ...regularly wake up at night.

4.  ...don’t get enough sleep to function effectively.

14.  
i

A good night’s sleep  — an impossible dream?

Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-⁠eye. That’s what American doctors advise.

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days  — and, increasingly, nights  — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-⁠the-⁠clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century  — and the problem is likely to get worse.

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. "People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange," says one of them. "It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude." Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that

allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-⁠activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-⁠to-⁠5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.

As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-⁠work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shiftwork’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-⁠hour credit-⁠card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as "therapeutic caffeine use", but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.


Experiments with sleep deprivation proved that...

 

1.  ...it inevitably leads to death.

2.  ...its repercussions have finally become predictable.

3.  ...it is likely to result in a variety of health problems.

4.  ...animal and human reactions are very much alike.

15.  
i

A good night’s sleep  — an impossible dream?

Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-⁠eye. That’s what American doctors advise.

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days  — and, increasingly, nights  — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-⁠the-⁠clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century  — and the problem is likely to get worse.

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. "People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange," says one of them. "It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude." Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that

allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-⁠activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-⁠to-⁠5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.

As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-⁠work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shiftwork’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-⁠hour credit-⁠card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as "therapeutic caffeine use", but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.


There is a tendency to sleep less because...

 

1.  ...people want to look tough at any cost.

2.  ...people think they can reduce sleeping hours without any harm.

3.  ...people have learned to cope with less sleep just as they have learned to lower cholesterol.

4.  ...otherwise they lose career and social opportunities.

16.  
i

A good night’s sleep  — an impossible dream?

Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-⁠eye. That’s what American doctors advise.

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days  — and, increasingly, nights  — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-⁠the-⁠clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century  — and the problem is likely to get worse.

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. "People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange," says one of them. "It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude." Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that

allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-⁠activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-⁠to-⁠5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.

As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-⁠work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shiftwork’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-⁠hour credit-⁠card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as "therapeutic caffeine use", but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.


Having naps during the day would be nice, but...

 

1.  ...doctors do not find them effective.

2.  ...people won’t take them voluntarily.

3.  ...bosses are against this.

4.  ...it is difficult to arrange.

17.  
i

A good night’s sleep  — an impossible dream?

Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-⁠eye. That’s what American doctors advise.

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days  — and, increasingly, nights  — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-⁠the-⁠clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century  — and the problem is likely to get worse.

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. "People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange," says one of them. "It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude." Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that

allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-⁠activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-⁠to-⁠5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.

As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-⁠work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shiftwork’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-⁠hour credit-⁠card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as "therapeutic caffeine use", but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.


People who work at night can hardly...

 

1.  ... visit their friends

2.  ...consult dentists when needed.

3.  ...socialize to their liking.

4.  ...ever sleep without ear-⁠plugs.

18.  
i

A good night’s sleep  — an impossible dream?

Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-⁠eye. That’s what American doctors advise.

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days  — and, increasingly, nights  — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-⁠the-⁠clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century  — and the problem is likely to get worse.

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. "People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange," says one of them. "It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude." Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that

allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-⁠activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-⁠to-⁠5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.

As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-⁠work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shiftwork’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-⁠hour credit-⁠card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as "therapeutic caffeine use", but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.


The main aim of specially designed shift-⁠work lighting system is...

 

1.  ...to help people feel alert at night.

2.  ...to provide better lightning.

3.  ...to prevent heart diseases.

4.  ...to stimulate human growth hormones.

19.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово MEAN так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

The name of Alaska

Do you know the origin of the place named Alaska? The name Alaska comes from the Aleut word alaxsxaq, __________________ "object toward which the action of the sea is directed"  — that is, the mainland.

20.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово FORM так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

It is also known as Alyeska, the "great land", an Aleut word __________________ from the same root.

21.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово CONSIDER так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Its nicknames are the Land of the Midnight Sun and America’s Last Frontier. Its first nicknames were "Seward’s folly" and

"Seward’s icebox" to laugh at the secretary of state who negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia, which __________________ foolish at the time.

22.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово LOCATE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

A landmark for the new millennium

Have you seen the photos of the London Eye? The London Eye is a giant observation wheel __________________ in the Jubilee Gardens on the South Bank of the river Thames.

23.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово DESIGN так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

The structure __________________ by the architectural team of David Marks and Julia Barfield, husband and wife.

24.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово WIN так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

They submitted their idea for a large observation wheel as part of a competition to design a landmark for the new millennium. None of the entrants __________________the competition.

25.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова OPEN од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Clothes and Personality

What do your clothes really say about you? Some people wear their personality ___________ on their sleeves, while others try to hide it deep in the dark layers of their clothes. Nonetheless, one’s clothes can often be a window into the workings of their head.

26.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова APPEAR од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

In the past people dressed in accordance with their rank, position, culture, and so forth. Back then you could tell a lot about a person just by looking at them. Nowadays a lot has changed: you can still judge a person by their ______________,

27.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова EXPRESS од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

...but now it is possible to do so on a more personal level, as people use their outfits as a form of self-⁠________________. Even when there is nothing obvious like blue hair or a shredded shirt.

28.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова CONVENTIONAL од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

For example, plain, simple clothes can show that a person is modest and doesn’t like to stand out. _________________ clothes can mean that the person

29.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова DIFFER од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

...doesn’t mind being ____________ or simply enjoys attention. The person could also be hiding behind his clothes, using them as a shield.

30.  
i

The Silver Jubilee

The Silver Jubilee of King George V and Queen Mary in 1935 was celebrated by everyone at Trumper’s. There were various posters and pictures of the royal couple in every shop window, and Tom Arnold ran a competition to see which shop could come up with the most imaginative display to 30 ______ the occasion.

Charlie 31 ______ charge of Number 147, which he still looked upon as his personal kingdom, and with the help of Bob Making’s daughter, who was in her first year at the Chelsea School of Art, they produced a model of the King and Queen made from every fruit and vegetable that hailed from the British Empire.

Charles was angry when the judges - the colonel and the Marchioness of Wiltshire, awarded Number 147 second place 32 ______ the flower shop, which was doing a roaring trade selling bunches of red, white and blue chrysanthemums. What had put them in the first place was a vast map of the world made 33 ____ entirely of flowers, with the British Empire set in red roses.

Charles gave all the office 34 ______ the day off and he escorted Becky and Daniel up to the mall at four-⁠thirty in the morning so that they could find a good vantage point to watch the King and Queen proceed from Buckingham Palace to St. Paul’s Cathedral, where a service of thanksgiving was to be conducted.

They 35 ______ at the mall only to discover that thousands of people were already covering every inch of the pavements with sleeping bags, blankets and tents. Charles knew he could only depend 36 ______ his luck to find a spare place.


Вы­бе­ре­те цифру под­хо­дя­ще­го по смыс­лу слова.

 

1.  Remind.

2.  Commemorate.

3.  Recollect.

4.  Remember.

31.  
i

The Silver Jubilee

The Silver Jubilee of King George V and Queen Mary in 1935 was celebrated by everyone at Trumper’s. There were various posters and pictures of the royal couple in every shop window, and Tom Arnold ran a competition to see which shop could come up with the most imaginative display to 30 ______ the occasion.

Charlie 31 ______ charge of Number 147, which he still looked upon as his personal kingdom, and with the help of Bob Making’s daughter, who was in her first year at the Chelsea School of Art, they produced a model of the King and Queen made from every fruit and vegetable that hailed from the British Empire.

Charles was angry when the judges - the colonel and the Marchioness of Wiltshire, awarded Number 147 second place 32 ______ the flower shop, which was doing a roaring trade selling bunches of red, white and blue chrysanthemums. What had put them in the first place was a vast map of the world made 33 ____ entirely of flowers, with the British Empire set in red roses.

Charles gave all the office 34 ______ the day off and he escorted Becky and Daniel up to the mall at four-⁠thirty in the morning so that they could find a good vantage point to watch the King and Queen proceed from Buckingham Palace to St. Paul’s Cathedral, where a service of thanksgiving was to be conducted.

They 35 ______ at the mall only to discover that thousands of people were already covering every inch of the pavements with sleeping bags, blankets and tents. Charles knew he could only depend 36 ______ his luck to find a spare place.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Took.

2.  Kept.

3.  Held.

4.  Was.

32.  
i

The Silver Jubilee

The Silver Jubilee of King George V and Queen Mary in 1935 was celebrated by everyone at Trumper’s. There were various posters and pictures of the royal couple in every shop window, and Tom Arnold ran a competition to see which shop could come up with the most imaginative display to 30 ______ the occasion.

Charlie 31 ______ charge of Number 147, which he still looked upon as his personal kingdom, and with the help of Bob Making’s daughter, who was in her first year at the Chelsea School of Art, they produced a model of the King and Queen made from every fruit and vegetable that hailed from the British Empire.

Charles was angry when the judges - the colonel and the Marchioness of Wiltshire, awarded Number 147 second place 32 ______ the flower shop, which was doing a roaring trade selling bunches of red, white and blue chrysanthemums. What had put them in the first place was a vast map of the world made 33 ____ entirely of flowers, with the British Empire set in red roses.

Charles gave all the office 34 ______ the day off and he escorted Becky and Daniel up to the mall at four-⁠thirty in the morning so that they could find a good vantage point to watch the King and Queen proceed from Buckingham Palace to St. Paul’s Cathedral, where a service of thanksgiving was to be conducted.

They 35 ______ at the mall only to discover that thousands of people were already covering every inch of the pavements with sleeping bags, blankets and tents. Charles knew he could only depend 36 ______ his luck to find a spare place.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Above.

2.  Along.

3.  Under.

4.  Behind.

33.  
i

The Silver Jubilee

The Silver Jubilee of King George V and Queen Mary in 1935 was celebrated by everyone at Trumper’s. There were various posters and pictures of the royal couple in every shop window, and Tom Arnold ran a competition to see which shop could come up with the most imaginative display to 30 ______ the occasion.

Charlie 31 ______ charge of Number 147, which he still looked upon as his personal kingdom, and with the help of Bob Making’s daughter, who was in her first year at the Chelsea School of Art, they produced a model of the King and Queen made from every fruit and vegetable that hailed from the British Empire.

Charles was angry when the judges - the colonel and the Marchioness of Wiltshire, awarded Number 147 second place 32 ______ the flower shop, which was doing a roaring trade selling bunches of red, white and blue chrysanthemums. What had put them in the first place was a vast map of the world made 33 ____ entirely of flowers, with the British Empire set in red roses.

Charles gave all the office 34 ______ the day off and he escorted Becky and Daniel up to the mall at four-⁠thirty in the morning so that they could find a good vantage point to watch the King and Queen proceed from Buckingham Palace to St. Paul’s Cathedral, where a service of thanksgiving was to be conducted.

They 35 ______ at the mall only to discover that thousands of people were already covering every inch of the pavements with sleeping bags, blankets and tents. Charles knew he could only depend 36 ______ his luck to find a spare place.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  In.

2.  Up.

3.  Out.

4.  Of.

34.  
i

The Silver Jubilee

The Silver Jubilee of King George V and Queen Mary in 1935 was celebrated by everyone at Trumper’s. There were various posters and pictures of the royal couple in every shop window, and Tom Arnold ran a competition to see which shop could come up with the most imaginative display to 30 ______ the occasion.

Charlie 31 ______ charge of Number 147, which he still looked upon as his personal kingdom, and with the help of Bob Making’s daughter, who was in her first year at the Chelsea School of Art, they produced a model of the King and Queen made from every fruit and vegetable that hailed from the British Empire.

Charles was angry when the judges - the colonel and the Marchioness of Wiltshire, awarded Number 147 second place 32 ______ the flower shop, which was doing a roaring trade selling bunches of red, white and blue chrysanthemums. What had put them in the first place was a vast map of the world made 33 ____ entirely of flowers, with the British Empire set in red roses.

Charles gave all the office 34 ______ the day off and he escorted Becky and Daniel up to the mall at four-⁠thirty in the morning so that they could find a good vantage point to watch the King and Queen proceed from Buckingham Palace to St. Paul’s Cathedral, where a service of thanksgiving was to be conducted.

They 35 ______ at the mall only to discover that thousands of people were already covering every inch of the pavements with sleeping bags, blankets and tents. Charles knew he could only depend 36 ______ his luck to find a spare place.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Crew.

2.  Class.

3.  Command.

4.  Staff.

35.  
i

The Silver Jubilee

The Silver Jubilee of King George V and Queen Mary in 1935 was celebrated by everyone at Trumper’s. There were various posters and pictures of the royal couple in every shop window, and Tom Arnold ran a competition to see which shop could come up with the most imaginative display to 30 ______ the occasion.

Charlie 31 ______ charge of Number 147, which he still looked upon as his personal kingdom, and with the help of Bob Making’s daughter, who was in her first year at the Chelsea School of Art, they produced a model of the King and Queen made from every fruit and vegetable that hailed from the British Empire.

Charles was angry when the judges - the colonel and the Marchioness of Wiltshire, awarded Number 147 second place 32 ______ the flower shop, which was doing a roaring trade selling bunches of red, white and blue chrysanthemums. What had put them in the first place was a vast map of the world made 33 ____ entirely of flowers, with the British Empire set in red roses.

Charles gave all the office 34 ______ the day off and he escorted Becky and Daniel up to the mall at four-⁠thirty in the morning so that they could find a good vantage point to watch the King and Queen proceed from Buckingham Palace to St. Paul’s Cathedral, where a service of thanksgiving was to be conducted.

They 35 ______ at the mall only to discover that thousands of people were already covering every inch of the pavements with sleeping bags, blankets and tents. Charles knew he could only depend 36 ______ his luck to find a spare place.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Went.

2.  Reached.

3.  Arrived.

4.  Came.

36.  
i

The Silver Jubilee

The Silver Jubilee of King George V and Queen Mary in 1935 was celebrated by everyone at Trumper’s. There were various posters and pictures of the royal couple in every shop window, and Tom Arnold ran a competition to see which shop could come up with the most imaginative display to 30 ______ the occasion.

Charlie 31 ______ charge of Number 147, which he still looked upon as his personal kingdom, and with the help of Bob Making’s daughter, who was in her first year at the Chelsea School of Art, they produced a model of the King and Queen made from every fruit and vegetable that hailed from the British Empire.

Charles was angry when the judges - the colonel and the Marchioness of Wiltshire, awarded Number 147 second place 32 ______ the flower shop, which was doing a roaring trade selling bunches of red, white and blue chrysanthemums. What had put them in the first place was a vast map of the world made 33 ____ entirely of flowers, with the British Empire set in red roses.

Charles gave all the office 34 ______ the day off and he escorted Becky and Daniel up to the mall at four-⁠thirty in the morning so that they could find a good vantage point to watch the King and Queen proceed from Buckingham Palace to St. Paul’s Cathedral, where a service of thanksgiving was to be conducted.

They 35 ______ at the mall only to discover that thousands of people were already covering every inch of the pavements with sleeping bags, blankets and tents. Charles knew he could only depend 36 ______ his luck to find a spare place.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  For.

2.  From.

3.  In.

4.  On.

37.  
i

You have received an email message from your English-⁠speaking pen-⁠friend Ronny:

 

From: Ronny@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@ege.ru
Subject: Summer

...I am so happy that summer has come and we are going to have a long holiday.

What’s the weather like in Russia in summer? What is your favourite season and why this one? What are your plans for the summer?

My uncle Keith is coming to visit us next week...

 

Write an email to Ronny.

In your message:

  —  answer his questions;

  —  ask 3 questions about his uncle.

Write 100−140 words.

Remember the rules of email writing.

38.  
i

Вы­бе­ри­те толь­ко ОДНО из двух пред­ло­жен­ных за­да­ний (38.1 или 38.2). Ука­жи­те его номер и вы­пол­ни­те со­глас­но дан­но­му плану. В от­ве­те на за­да­ние 38 чис­ли­тель­ные пи­ши­те циф­ра­ми.

 

38.1.  Imagine that you are doing a project on what is important to get a job in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject  — the results of the opinion polls (see the table below).

Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

 

PrerequisitesNumber of applicants (%)
Social skills36
Leadership skills24
Teamwork skills20
Thinking skills (problem solving and decision making)15
Multitasking skills5

 

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

—  make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

—  select and report 2–3 facts;

—  make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

—  outline a problem that one can face applying for a job and suggest a way of solving it;

—  conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the most important factor to get a job.

 

38.2.  Imagine that you are doing a project on what modern teenagers in Zetland dream about. You have found some data on the subject  — the results оf the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).

Comment on the data in the diagram and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

What modern teenagers in Zetland dream about

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

—  make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

—  select and report 2–3 facts;

—  make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

—  outline a problem that can arise with realizing one's dreams and suggest a way of solving it;

—  conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the dreams of modern teenagers.

39.  
i

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

 

Many parents do not like their children to play video games. One reason is that it is a waste of time. Instead of playing games, they could be spending their time wisely, doing homework, exercising, or cleaning the house. Another reason is that many games are destructive and violent, causing children to behave badly and aggressively in the real world. Finally, video games are often addictive and thus discourage children from having other hobbies and interests. All of these are good reasons to dislike video games. Nevertheless, there are some good reasons to allow children to play them. For one thing, not all video games are mindless time-⁠wasters. Nowadays, there is much more variety and lots of games to choose from that are educational and instructive. Parents simply need to spend more time paying attention to the kinds of games children play and encourage them to choose games that develop their minds.

40.  
i

Study the advertisement.

 

 

You are considering visiting the city and now you'd like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following.

 

1.  Dates for departures.

2.  Hotel facilities.

3.  If breakfast is included.

4.  Number of city tours.

 

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

41.  
i

Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2–3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Tapescript for Task 3

Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss travel. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.

Interviewer: What region of Russia do you live in? Is it a popular destination for tourists?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: How did the last trip that you’ve taken go?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: What are the benefits of travel?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: Would you prefer travelling domestically or internationally? Why?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: Who do you usually share your trip with?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.

42.  
i

Imagine that you are doing a project "The climates of the world" together with your friend. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to tell the friend about the photos:

 

—  explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;

—  mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of climate;

—  mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of climate;

—  express your opinion on the subject of the project  — whether you would prefer to live in a cold climate or a hot one and why.

 

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.