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РЕШУ ЕГЭ — английский язык
Вариант № 3360879
1.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те 6 вы­ска­зы­ва­ний. Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между вы­ска­зы­ва­ни­я­ми каж­до­го го­во­ря­ще­го A–F и утвер­жде­ни­я­ми, дан­ны­ми в спис­ке 1–7. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дое утвер­жде­ние, обо­зна­чен­ное со­от­вет­ству­ю­щей циф­рой, толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии есть одно лиш­нее утвер­жде­ние. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

1.  Writing Valentines has a very long history.

2.  It’s another time to spend money.

3.  Valentines make a big business.

4.  There’s always something against the Day.

5.  It’s a traditional Valentine’s Day present and no one should spare money for it.

6.  Its traditions tend to fade.

7.  Even journalists need information about Valentine’s Day.

 

Го­во­ря­щийABCDEF
Утвер­жде­ние


2.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те диа­лог. Опре­де­ли­те, какие из при­ве­ден­ных утвер­жде­ний А–G со­от­вет­ству­ют со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста (1  — True), какие не со­от­вет­ству­ют (2  — False) и о чем в тек­сте не ска­за­но, то есть на ос­но­ва­нии тек­ста нель­зя дать ни по­ло­жи­тель­но­го, ни от­ри­ца­тель­но­го от­ве­та (3  — Not stated). За­не­си­те номер вы­бран­но­го Вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та в таб­ли­цу. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

A)  Mike is five years older than his sister.

B)  The family members live in different parts of the country.

C)  Mike’s father had a very happy childhood.

D)  Mike’s father retired because of his poor health.

E)  Mike’s mother and father first met each other being on holidays.

F)  Mike and his sister do not seem to be very close.

G)  Mike and his sister were brought up in the same way.

 

За­пи­ши­те в ответ цифры, рас­по­ло­жив их в по­ряд­ке, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щем бук­вам:

ABCDEFG
3.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

What changes, according to Susan, are taking place in town life?

 

1.  More and more people prefer to meet out in pubs and clubs.

2.  People’s homes are becoming a more popular place to meet.

3.  People prefer eating at home to eating out.


4.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

How does Susan feel about shops and shopping?

 

1.  She thinks small shops should disappear.

2.  Every time she goes shopping she feels annoyed.

3.  She dislikes the atmosphere in big shops.


5.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

What does Susan think about the book Birdsong?

 

1.  It gives a new perspective on war.

2.  It shows how differently people view war.

3.  It reveals hidden causes of war.


6.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

Why did Susan read The Remains of the Day twice?

 

1.  It was very popular at one time.

2.  She enjoyed the film based on it.

3.  She did it to kill time.


7.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

Why does Susan enjoy reading books?

 

1.  The reading habit runs in her family.

2.  She has taken to reading on the way to and from work.

3.  She was encouraged to read in her childhood.


8.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

What is Susan’s opinion of book reviews?

 

1.  They give misleading information about books.

2.  They criticize books written by young authors.

3.  They give good recommendation on books to read.


9.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ре­пор­таж два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

What is Susan’s attitude to gossip books?

 

1.  She doesn’t think they are worth reading.

2.  She enjoys reading them.

3.  She thinks they are appealing to most people.


10.  
i

Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между за­го­лов­ка­ми 1–8 и тек­ста­ми A–G. За­пи­ши­те свои от­ве­ты в таб­ли­цу. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дую цифру толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии есть один лиш­ний за­го­ло­вок.

 

1.  Perfect for a quiet holiday.

2.  Land of nature wonders.

3.  Bad for animals.

4.  A visit to the zoo.

5.  Perfect for an active holiday.

6.  Difficult start.

7.  New perspectives.

8.  New rules to follow.

 

A. The mountains of Scotland (we call them the Highlands) are a wild and beautiful part of Europe. A golden eagle flies over the mountains. A deer walks through the silence of the forest. Salmon and trout swim in the clean, pure water of the rivers. Some say that not only fish swim in the deep water of Loch Ness. Speak to the people living by the Loch. Each person has a story of the monster, and some have photographs.

 

B. Tresco is a beautiful island with no cars, crowds or noise  — just flowers, birds, long sandy beaches and the Tresco Abbey Garden. John and Wendy Pyatt welcome you to the Island Hotel, famous for delicious food, comfort and brilliant service. You will appreciate superb accommodation, free saunas and the indoor swimming pool.

 

C. The Camel and Wildlife Safari is a unique mixture of the traditional and modern. Kenya’s countryside suits the Safari purposes exceptionally well. Tourists will have a chance to explore the bush country near Samburu, to travel on a camel back or to sleep out under the stars. Modern safari vehicles are always available for those who prefer comfort.

 

D. Arrival can be the hardest part of a trip. It is late, you are road-⁠weary, and everything is new and strange. You need an affordable place to sleep, something to eat and drink, and probably a way to get around. But in general, it’s a wonderful trip, full of wonderful and unusual places. Whether it is the first stop on a trip or the fifth city visited, every traveller feels a little overwhelmed stepping onto a new street in a new city.

 

E. No zoo has enough money to provide basic habitats or environments for all the species they keep. Most animals are put in a totally artificial environment, isolated from everything they would meet in their natural habitat. Many will agree that this isolation is harmful to the most of zoo inhabitants, it can even amount to cruelty.

 

F. A new London Zoo Project is a ten year project to secure the future for the Zoo and for many endangered animals. The plan has been devised by both animal and business experts to provide world-⁠leading accommodation for all our animals, to more fully engage and inform people about conservation issues, to redesign certain aspects of Zoo layout.

 

G. Leave-⁠no-⁠trace camping is an increasingly popular approach to travel in wilderness areas. As the term suggests, the goal is for the camper to leave as little impact as possible on the place he is visiting. One of its mottos is "Take nothing but pictures. Leave nothing but footprints." Its simplest and most fundamental rule is: pack it in, pack it out, but it goes beyond that.

 

ТекстABCDEFG
За­го­ло­вок
11.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

 

Friendship and Love

A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person A ______. I believe that, nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy.

I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, В ______. He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.

I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, С ______. I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something D ______.

When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months.

This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E ______. When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, I F ______.

 

1.  but we did anyway

2.  whenever a need arises

3.  they did not really care

4.  whenever they need your help

5.  could not guarantee would even last

6.  am eternally grateful for a second chance

7.  someone will always have a shoulder to cry on

 

Про­пускABCDEF
Часть пред­ло­же­ния
12.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


The fears of the users about the "millennium bug" were...

 

1.  ...overestimated.

2.  ...suppressed.

3.  ...unrealistic.

4.  ...justified.

13.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


Which of the following was NOT the reason why the "millennium bug" didn't work?

 

1.  The problem never existed.

2.  The new hardware had been installed.

3.  The manufacturers had improved software.

4.  The users took necessary precautions.

14.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


The number of available IP addresses is limited by...

 

1.  ...the number of computers connected to the Internet.

2.  ...the number of organizations applying.

3.  ...address space of the Internet protocol.

4.  ...the Internet protocol version.

15.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


The solution of the problem with the lack of IP addresses is to...

 

1.  ...add a temporary network.

2.  ...speed up research.

3.  ...improve the current Internet protocol.

4.  ...restrict the number of users.

16.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


The existing version of the protocol was believed appropriate because...

 

1.  ...the addresses were not permanent.

2.  ...another network was being developed.

3.  ...the net was created for research institutes only.

4.  ...no one expected the demand to grow.

17.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


The phrase "Internet of things" refers to...

 

1.  ...personal computers of the users.

2.  ...things ordered through the Internet.

3.  ...a new network replacing the current Internet.

4.  ...appliances with access to the Web.

18.  
i

The Difference Engine: No more addresses

REMEMBER the panic over the "millennium bug", when computers everywhere were expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-⁠buying of new hardware and software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for this? Business is business.

Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses  — those four numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet. According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week  — given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its so-⁠called "slash-⁠eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying for new addresses will be told, "Sorry, none left".

The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s, when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a temporary network anyway.

But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6 finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.

Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances that are currently being given Internet access  — plus, eventually, every book, pill case and item of inventory as well  — and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for. And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and it means  — forearmed.


Speaking of the future of the world-⁠wide web, the author appears to be...

 

1.  ...overexcited.

2.  ...hopeful.

3.  ...pessimistic.

4.  ...doubtful.

19.  
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Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово RISE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Global warming

In northern Québec and Labrador, temperatures __________________ two degrees Celsius since the mid-⁠1990s. That rise has helped more trees grow in the area which was previously too cold for trees.

20.  
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Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово WARM так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

And the more trees that grow, the __________________ the region becomes.

21.  
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Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово BE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

"The cold landscape that we are accustomed to in northern Canada __________________ a thing of the past soon," specialists predict.

22.  
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Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово INVITE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Sense of humour

 

There are many funny stories about Will Rogers, a famous American actor and humorist. Once he __________________ to the White House to meet President Calvin Coolidge.

23.  
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Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово MAKE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Rogers was cautioned not to try to be funny because the President had no sense of humour. Rogers bet that he __________________ Coolidge laugh within 20 seconds.

24.  
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Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово QUESTION так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

When the formal introduction was made and the words "Mr. President, may I introduce my friend, Mr. Will Rogers," were pronounced, Rogers held out his hand with a __________________ look and said, "Pardon me, I didn’t quite get the name."

25.  
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Об­ра­зуй­те от слова NECESSARY од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Advantages of a regular homework

What is homework? Should it always be done in writing, or can it be oral? Is it ______ connected with the information and tasks from the text books?

26.  
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Об­ра­зуй­те от слова ACTIVE од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Homework refers to any work or ______ that students are asked to do outside the classroom, either on their own or with other students or parents.

27.  
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Об­ра­зуй­те от слова HIGH од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Sometimes it is based on comparatively simple drill exercises, sometimes it involves ______ challenging tasks, project or research work aimed at integrating skills and knowledge from different subject areas.

28.  
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Об­ра­зуй­те от слова ROUTINE од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Research indicates that schools in which homework is ______ assigned and systemically assessed tend to have higher achieving students, as learning is not confined to the schoolroom environment.

29.  
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Об­ра­зуй­те от слова DEPEND од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Homework appropriately designed and well balanced is able to enhance self-⁠discipline and good study habits; to develop students’ ______ and initiative.

30.  
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Busy Day

Let me tell you what happened once when my dear Uncle Podger decided to hang a picture on the wall. He told us not to 30 ______ and just watch him do it. He said he would do it by himself. Well, he came up to the picture which was waiting to be put up in the dining room and took it. But suddenly it fell down and the glass 31 ______ into pieces and he cut his finger. He started to 32 ______ his handkerchief but couldn’t find it because he had put it in his coat and none of us knew where his coat was.

‘Six of you!’ Uncle Podger exclaimed, ‘and you cannot find the coat that I put down only five minutes ago!’ But then he got up from his chair and found that he had been sitting on his coat the whole time. ‘Oh, you can stop your 33 ______. I’ve found it myself!’

Then after an hour was spent in tying up his finger Uncle Podger wondered where the hammer had disappeared to. And while everybody was trying to get the hammer he was standing on the chair saying: ‘Well, I want to know if you are going to 34 ______ me here all evening!’

Finally the hammer was found, but we noticed that the nail which he had prepared was lost. And, of course, Uncle Podger didn’t keep 35 ______ while he was waiting for another nail to be brought. We heard all he had to say about our habit of losing all the things he needed.

When the picture was hanging on the wall at last, everybody looked very 36 ______, all except Uncle Podg er, who was lively as ever. Aunt Maria remarked that if Uncle Podger wanted to do a job like that again, she would spend a week with her mother until it was over.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Scare.

2.  Disturb.

3.  Worry.

4.  Fear.

31.  
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Busy Day

Let me tell you what happened once when my dear Uncle Podger decided to hang a picture on the wall. He told us not to 30 ______ and just watch him do it. He said he would do it by himself. Well, he came up to the picture which was waiting to be put up in the dining room and took it. But suddenly it fell down and the glass 31 ______ into pieces and he cut his finger. He started to 32 ______ his handkerchief but couldn’t find it because he had put it in his coat and none of us knew where his coat was.

‘Six of you!’ Uncle Podger exclaimed, ‘and you cannot find the coat that I put down only five minutes ago!’ But then he got up from his chair and found that he had been sitting on his coat the whole time. ‘Oh, you can stop your 33 ______. I’ve found it myself!’

Then after an hour was spent in tying up his finger Uncle Podger wondered where the hammer had disappeared to. And while everybody was trying to get the hammer he was standing on the chair saying: ‘Well, I want to know if you are going to 34 ______ me here all evening!’

Finally the hammer was found, but we noticed that the nail which he had prepared was lost. And, of course, Uncle Podger didn’t keep 35 ______ while he was waiting for another nail to be brought. We heard all he had to say about our habit of losing all the things he needed.

When the picture was hanging on the wall at last, everybody looked very 36 ______, all except Uncle Podg er, who was lively as ever. Aunt Maria remarked that if Uncle Podger wanted to do a job like that again, she would spend a week with her mother until it was over.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Failed.

2.  Broke.

3.  Ruined.

4.  Fell.

32.  
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Busy Day

Let me tell you what happened once when my dear Uncle Podger decided to hang a picture on the wall. He told us not to 30 ______ and just watch him do it. He said he would do it by himself. Well, he came up to the picture which was waiting to be put up in the dining room and took it. But suddenly it fell down and the glass 31 ______ into pieces and he cut his finger. He started to 32 ______ his handkerchief but couldn’t find it because he had put it in his coat and none of us knew where his coat was.

‘Six of you!’ Uncle Podger exclaimed, ‘and you cannot find the coat that I put down only five minutes ago!’ But then he got up from his chair and found that he had been sitting on his coat the whole time. ‘Oh, you can stop your 33 ______. I’ve found it myself!’

Then after an hour was spent in tying up his finger Uncle Podger wondered where the hammer had disappeared to. And while everybody was trying to get the hammer he was standing on the chair saying: ‘Well, I want to know if you are going to 34 ______ me here all evening!’

Finally the hammer was found, but we noticed that the nail which he had prepared was lost. And, of course, Uncle Podger didn’t keep 35 ______ while he was waiting for another nail to be brought. We heard all he had to say about our habit of losing all the things he needed.

When the picture was hanging on the wall at last, everybody looked very 36 ______, all except Uncle Podg er, who was lively as ever. Aunt Maria remarked that if Uncle Podger wanted to do a job like that again, she would spend a week with her mother until it was over.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Look at.

2.  Look to.

3.  Look after.

4.  Look for.

33.  
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Busy Day

Let me tell you what happened once when my dear Uncle Podger decided to hang a picture on the wall. He told us not to 30 ______ and just watch him do it. He said he would do it by himself. Well, he came up to the picture which was waiting to be put up in the dining room and took it. But suddenly it fell down and the glass 31 ______ into pieces and he cut his finger. He started to 32 ______ his handkerchief but couldn’t find it because he had put it in his coat and none of us knew where his coat was.

‘Six of you!’ Uncle Podger exclaimed, ‘and you cannot find the coat that I put down only five minutes ago!’ But then he got up from his chair and found that he had been sitting on his coat the whole time. ‘Oh, you can stop your 33 ______. I’ve found it myself!’

Then after an hour was spent in tying up his finger Uncle Podger wondered where the hammer had disappeared to. And while everybody was trying to get the hammer he was standing on the chair saying: ‘Well, I want to know if you are going to 34 ______ me here all evening!’

Finally the hammer was found, but we noticed that the nail which he had prepared was lost. And, of course, Uncle Podger didn’t keep 35 ______ while he was waiting for another nail to be brought. We heard all he had to say about our habit of losing all the things he needed.

When the picture was hanging on the wall at last, everybody looked very 36 ______, all except Uncle Podg er, who was lively as ever. Aunt Maria remarked that if Uncle Podger wanted to do a job like that again, she would spend a week with her mother until it was over.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Search.

2.  Investigation.

3.  Exploration.

4.  Study.

34.  
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Busy Day

Let me tell you what happened once when my dear Uncle Podger decided to hang a picture on the wall. He told us not to 30 ______ and just watch him do it. He said he would do it by himself. Well, he came up to the picture which was waiting to be put up in the dining room and took it. But suddenly it fell down and the glass 31 ______ into pieces and he cut his finger. He started to 32 ______ his handkerchief but couldn’t find it because he had put it in his coat and none of us knew where his coat was.

‘Six of you!’ Uncle Podger exclaimed, ‘and you cannot find the coat that I put down only five minutes ago!’ But then he got up from his chair and found that he had been sitting on his coat the whole time. ‘Oh, you can stop your 33 ______. I’ve found it myself!’

Then after an hour was spent in tying up his finger Uncle Podger wondered where the hammer had disappeared to. And while everybody was trying to get the hammer he was standing on the chair saying: ‘Well, I want to know if you are going to 34 ______ me here all evening!’

Finally the hammer was found, but we noticed that the nail which he had prepared was lost. And, of course, Uncle Podger didn’t keep 35 ______ while he was waiting for another nail to be brought. We heard all he had to say about our habit of losing all the things he needed.

When the picture was hanging on the wall at last, everybody looked very 36 ______, all except Uncle Podg er, who was lively as ever. Aunt Maria remarked that if Uncle Podger wanted to do a job like that again, she would spend a week with her mother until it was over.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Stay.

2.  Keep.

3.  Put.

4.  Take.

35.  
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Busy Day

Let me tell you what happened once when my dear Uncle Podger decided to hang a picture on the wall. He told us not to 30 ______ and just watch him do it. He said he would do it by himself. Well, he came up to the picture which was waiting to be put up in the dining room and took it. But suddenly it fell down and the glass 31 ______ into pieces and he cut his finger. He started to 32 ______ his handkerchief but couldn’t find it because he had put it in his coat and none of us knew where his coat was.

‘Six of you!’ Uncle Podger exclaimed, ‘and you cannot find the coat that I put down only five minutes ago!’ But then he got up from his chair and found that he had been sitting on his coat the whole time. ‘Oh, you can stop your 33 ______. I’ve found it myself!’

Then after an hour was spent in tying up his finger Uncle Podger wondered where the hammer had disappeared to. And while everybody was trying to get the hammer he was standing on the chair saying: ‘Well, I want to know if you are going to 34 ______ me here all evening!’

Finally the hammer was found, but we noticed that the nail which he had prepared was lost. And, of course, Uncle Podger didn’t keep 35 ______ while he was waiting for another nail to be brought. We heard all he had to say about our habit of losing all the things he needed.

When the picture was hanging on the wall at last, everybody looked very 36 ______, all except Uncle Podg er, who was lively as ever. Aunt Maria remarked that if Uncle Podger wanted to do a job like that again, she would spend a week with her mother until it was over.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Dumb.

2.  Cool.

3.  Still.

4.  Silent.

36.  
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Busy Day

Let me tell you what happened once when my dear Uncle Podger decided to hang a picture on the wall. He told us not to 30 ______ and just watch him do it. He said he would do it by himself. Well, he came up to the picture which was waiting to be put up in the dining room and took it. But suddenly it fell down and the glass 31 ______ into pieces and he cut his finger. He started to 32 ______ his handkerchief but couldn’t find it because he had put it in his coat and none of us knew where his coat was.

‘Six of you!’ Uncle Podger exclaimed, ‘and you cannot find the coat that I put down only five minutes ago!’ But then he got up from his chair and found that he had been sitting on his coat the whole time. ‘Oh, you can stop your 33 ______. I’ve found it myself!’

Then after an hour was spent in tying up his finger Uncle Podger wondered where the hammer had disappeared to. And while everybody was trying to get the hammer he was standing on the chair saying: ‘Well, I want to know if you are going to 34 ______ me here all evening!’

Finally the hammer was found, but we noticed that the nail which he had prepared was lost. And, of course, Uncle Podger didn’t keep 35 ______ while he was waiting for another nail to be brought. We heard all he had to say about our habit of losing all the things he needed.

When the picture was hanging on the wall at last, everybody looked very 36 ______, all except Uncle Podg er, who was lively as ever. Aunt Maria remarked that if Uncle Podger wanted to do a job like that again, she would spend a week with her mother until it was over.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Dull.

2.  Tired.

3.  Angry.

4.  Boring.

37.  
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You have received an email message from your English-⁠speaking pen-⁠friend Jane:

 

From: Friend@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@ege.ru
Subject: Welcome

...So you see that I enjoy films based on true historic facts. What kinds of films do you like watching? Do you prefer watching films in the cinema or at home? Why? Do you agree that it is better to read a book before watching the film based on it? Why or why not?

I’ve just come back from a trip to Wales...

 

Write an email to Jane. In your message answer her questions, ask 3 questions about her trip to Wales. Write 100–140 words. Remember the rules of email writing. You have 20 minutes to do this task.

38.  
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Вы­бе­ри­те толь­ко ОДНО из двух пред­ло­жен­ных за­да­ний (38.1 или 38.2). Ука­жи­те его номер и вы­пол­ни­те со­глас­но дан­но­му плану. В от­ве­те на за­да­ние 38 чис­ли­тель­ные пи­ши­те циф­ра­ми.

 

38.1.  Imagine that you are doing a project on how teenagers spend their summer holidays in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject  — the results of the opinion polls (see the table below).

Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

 

How teenagers spend their summer holidaysNumber of teenagers (%)
Staying at home39
Visiting relatives26
Going to the seaside17
Going to the mountains14
Going to a youth summer camp4

 

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

—  make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

—  select and report 2–3 facts;

—  make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

—  outline a problem that one can face spending summer holidays and suggest a way of solving it;

—  conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the best way to spend summer holidays.

 

38.2.  Imagine that you are doing a project on what topics teenagers discuss at school in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject  — the results оf the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).

Comment on the data in the diagram and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

What topics do teenagers discuss at school in Zetland?

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

—  make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

—  select and report 2–3 facts;

—  make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

—  outline a problem that can arise with peers communication and suggest a way of solving it;

—  conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of communication for teenagers.

39.  
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Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

 

Chameleons don’t change colour to match the background. They change colour as a result of different emotional states. Chameleons change colour when they beat another chameleon in a fight. They change colour when a member of the opposite sex steps into view and they sometimes change colour due to fluctuations in either light or temperature.

A chameleon’s skin contains several layers of specialised cells. Altering the balance between these layers causes the skin to reflect different kinds of light, making chameleons a kind of walking colour-⁠wheel. It’s odd how persistent the belief that they change colour to match the background is. The myth first appears in the work of a minor Greek writer of entertaining stories and potted biographies. Aristotle, far more influential and writing a century earlier, had already, quite correctly, linked the colour-⁠change to fear. But it’s come back with a vengeance since and to this day is perhaps the only thing most people think they ‘know’ about chameleons.

40.  
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Study the advertisement.

 

 

You are considering visiting the real estate agency and you'd like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following.

 

1.  Location of the agency.

2.  Services they provide.

3.  If they work at weekends.

4.  Competitive advantages.

 

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

41.  
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Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2–3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Tapescript for Task 3

Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss the choice of a future career. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.

Interviewer: Have you already chosen your future job? What will it be?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: Who can help you in choosing your future career?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: Who did you want to become when you were seven? Why?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: Have you thought of choosing you parents’s professions?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: Would you prefer to do something that bring you money or pleasure? Why?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.

42.  
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Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "The best way to travel". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to:

 

—  explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;

—  mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of travelling;

—  mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of travelling;

—  express your opinion on the subject of the project  — which way of travelling you’d prefer and why?

 

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.

Photo 1

Рhoto 2