Заголовок: Демонстрационная версия ЕГЭ—2015 по английскому языку
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РЕШУ ЕГЭ — английский язык
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Демонстрационная версия ЕГЭ—2015 по английскому языку

1.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те 6 вы­ска­зы­ва­ний. Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между вы­ска­зы­ва­ни­я­ми каж­до­го го­во­ря­ще­го A–F и утвер­жде­ни­я­ми, дан­ны­ми в спис­ке 1–7. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дое утвер­жде­ние, обо­зна­чен­ное со­от­вет­ству­ю­щей циф­рой, толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии есть одно лиш­нее утвер­жде­ние. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

1.   Before such tours you should learn how to move and breathe in rapid water.

2.   This company ignores tourists’ safety.

3.   Rafting can be life-⁠threatening.

4.   This kind of tour is for strong and fit people.

5.   Professional staff make these difficult tours fun.

6.   If you secure your life jacket properly, you’ll come home safely.

7.   Team spirit and optimism are important in such tours.

 

Го­во­ря­щийABCDEF
Утвер­жде­ние
2.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те диа­лог. Опре­де­ли­те, какие из при­ве­ден­ных утвер­жде­ний А–G со­от­вет­ству­ют со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста (1  — True), какие не со­от­вет­ству­ют (2  — False) и о чем в тек­сте не ска­за­но, то есть на ос­но­ва­нии тек­ста нель­зя дать ни по­ло­жи­тель­но­го, ни от­ри­ца­тель­но­го от­ве­та (3  — Not stated). За­не­си­те номер вы­бран­но­го Вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та в таб­ли­цу. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

A)  Lucy wasn’t at school for several days.

B)  Lucy felt bad because of overeating.

C)  Lucy’s mother is a doctor.

D)  Peter did exercises with the map of the UK.

E)  Peter is not afraid of the test.

F)  Peter offers his notes to Lucy.

G)  Lucy and Peter are going to review for the test later.

 

За­пи­ши­те в ответ цифры, рас­по­ло­жив их в по­ряд­ке, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щем бук­вам:

ABCDEFG
       

 

1.  True.

2.  False.

3.  Not stated.

3.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

Greg believes that his present professional success depends on …

 

1)  rich experience.

2)  putting pressure on himself.

3)  his happy family life.

4.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

Speaking about his past Greg says that he …

 

1)  never experienced a failure.

2)  was too busy achieving his goals.

3)  was a good family man.

5.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

What is said about Dina’s relations with Greg’s children from his previous marriage?

 

1)  She tries to avoid meeting them.

2)  She doesn’t know anything about them.

3)  She is friendly with them.

6.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

Describing his relations with his little daughter, Greg stresses that …

 

1)  she is brighter and more spiritual than his other children.

2)  he now has the opportunity to give her enough attention and care.

3)  it is quite difficult to raise a child at his age.

7.  
i

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-⁠seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-⁠third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-⁠for-⁠granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers  — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-⁠billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-⁠million-⁠mile round-⁠trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.


Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

In his youth, Greg had a dream to …

 

1)  act in westerns.

2)  serve in the army.

3)  play jazz.

8.  
i

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-⁠seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-⁠third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-⁠for-⁠granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers  — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-⁠billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-⁠million-⁠mile round-⁠trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.


Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

What does Greg say about his age?

 

1)  It has no influence on his career.

2)  It has affected his strength and energy.

3)  It makes him think about stopping work.

9.  
i

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-⁠seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-⁠third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-⁠for-⁠granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers  — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-⁠billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-⁠million-⁠mile round-⁠trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.


Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью два­жды. Вы­бе­ри­те пра­виль­ный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

 

 

Which of the following may refer to one ofthe most important lessons of Greg’s life?

 

1)  Anger helps to achieve a lot in life.

2)  Life cannot be always perfect.

3)  Plan your life and follow your ambitions.

10.  
i

Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между тек­ста­ми A–G и за­го­лов­ка­ми 1–8. За­пи­ши­те свои от­ве­ты в таб­ли­цу. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дую цифру толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии один за­го­ло­вок лиш­ний.

 

1.  When we don’t sleep.

2.  Not only for humans.

3.  How dreaming helps.

4.  When we dream.

5.  Why dreams can be scary.

6.  What we feel dreaming.

7.  How we forget dreams.

8.  How we remember dreams.

 

A. Even though our dreams may feel like they last for hours and hours, we hardly spend more than two hours dreaming each night, which means a person spends a total of nearly six years dreaming throughout a lifetime. In general there are four phases of the sleep cycle and all dreaming occurs practically at the final phase. Each of these sleep cycles lasts approximately 60 to 90 minutes and may repeat several times throughout the night.

 

B. Anxiety is the most popular emotion experienced in dreams. Many people dream of falling, which is often connected to something in our lives that is going in the wrong direction. In addition, dreams of being chased are very common and are linked to avoidance. Also people report dreams about their teeth falling out, which is related to the words and communication we might have in real life.

 

C. Dreaming helps people make sense of the information and events that occur in their lives. Dreams play an important role in processing and remembering information that we absorb daily. Also, they help reduce stress and even solve problems. It’s very possible to work through real-⁠life problems while dreaming at night. In addition, dreams provide a lot of important content and meaning that can be used to inspire and direct our lives during the day.

 

D. Nearly 5 to 10% of adults have nightmares. There are several reasons for it, for example when people start taking certain medications or when they withdraw from drugs. Some physical conditions, such as stress or illness, can also be a trigger. However, in some cases adults may have frequent nightmares that are unrelated to their everyday lives, which may signify that they are more creative, sensitive, and emotional than the average person.

 

E. There is no person who does not have dreams, but not everybody recalls them. The most vivid dreams happen during the Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage when the brain is extremely active and the eyes move back and forth quickly underneath the eyelids. Although dream recall varies from person to person, some people have little or no recollection of the content, and around 90% of dreams are gone following the first 10 minutes of waking up.

 

F. Scientists have found that animals also dream and their subconscious thoughts are connected to real experiences. Animals’ dreams are complex, containing long sequences of events. Animals’ brains share the same series of sleeping states as the brain of human beings. Analyzing animals’ dreams and the content of their dreams may help scientists treat memory disorders and develop new ways for people to learn and retain information more effectively.

 

G. Only five minutes after the end of a dream and half of the content is likely to vanish from our memories. It’s not that dreams aren’t important enough to keep in mind, but other things tend to get in the way. Dream researcher L. Strumpell believes that dreams disappear from our memories for a number of factors. For example, we may not recall dream images that lack intensity, association or repetition, which are usually needed for dream recall.

 

ТекстABCDEFG
За­го­ло­вок
11.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Promoting language learning

The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A _____________________ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-⁠border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.

The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B _____________________. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects, C _____________________.

Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D_____________________. There are national information centres in each country, E _____________________.

The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The "Media" programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F _____________________. The "Culture" programme builds cross-⁠cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.

 

1.  and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners

2.  which includes language teaching and learning

3.  cinemas and television in other EU countries

4.  which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning

5.  funding a number of educational programmes

6.  and encouraging people to learn new languages

7.  where details about the application procedures are given

 

Про­пускABCDEF
Часть пред­ло­же­ния
12.  
i

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-⁠seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-⁠third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-⁠for-⁠granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers  — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-⁠billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-⁠million-⁠mile round-⁠trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.


What problem is raised in the article?

 

1.  Cooperation in space.

2.  Threats of climate change.

3.  Danger of drinking salt water.

4.  Lack of water supplies on Earth.

13.  
i

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-⁠seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-⁠third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-⁠for-⁠granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers  — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-⁠billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-⁠million-⁠mile round-⁠trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.


According to the author, the information published in the US Geological Survey is meant to...

 

1.  ...assure the nation that there is still enough of usable water.

2.  ...help to monitor the state of the country’s water resources.

3.  ...demonstrate the quality of water the nation uses.

4.  ...warn the public about the dangers of water pollution.

14.  
i

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-⁠seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-⁠third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-⁠for-⁠granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers  — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-⁠billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-⁠million-⁠mile round-⁠trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.


The author thinks that outer space...

 

1.  ...is dangerous because of asteroids.

2.  ...is a source of important supplies.

3.  ...is not studied properly.

4.  ...should be colonized.

15.  
i

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-⁠seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-⁠third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-⁠for-⁠granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers  — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-⁠billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-⁠million-⁠mile round-⁠trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.


According to the author, the space water sources may be used for...

 

1.  ...fuel production.

2.  ...water supplies for spaceships.

3.  ...moon exploration.

4.  ...the production of electricity.

16.  
i

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-⁠seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-⁠third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-⁠for-⁠granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers  — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-⁠billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-⁠million-⁠mile round-⁠trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.


The Google and Microsoft (paragraph 9) are mentioned to...

 

1.  ...explain how Planetary Resources Inc. became famous.

2.  ...prove that asteroids can be commercially attractive.

3.  ...show that space research is important for computer science.

4.  ...prove that asteroids can interfere with the Internet.

17.  
i

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-⁠seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-⁠third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-⁠for-⁠granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers  — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-⁠billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-⁠million-⁠mile round-⁠trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.


The expression "put the gears in motion" in "...it is wise to put the gears in motion now" (paragraph 9) means...

 

1.  ...to explore.

2.  ...to begin.

3.  ...to move.

4.  ...to invest.

18.  
i

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-⁠seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-⁠third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-⁠for-⁠granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers  — it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-⁠billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-⁠million-⁠mile round-⁠trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.


What idea is stressed in the last two paragraphs?

 

1.  There is room for further achievements in space exploration.

2.  Asteroids are unique objects for scientific research.

3.  Only smart administration can manage space programs.

4.  International Space Station is the heaviest object in space.

19.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово FLY так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Difficult landing

One airline had a policy that required the first officer to stand at the door while the passengers exited. He smiled and thanked them for __________________ the airline.

20.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово HAVE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

A pilot on this airline landed his plane into the runway really hard. He thought that passengers __________________ angry comments.

21.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово THEY так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

However, it seemed that all of __________________ were too shocked to say anything. Finally, everyone got off except for a little old lady. She said, "Can I ask you a question?" "Yes, Madam," said the pilot. "What was it?" the lady asked, "Did we land or were we shot down?"

22.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово BUILD так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Alhambra

The Alhambra is a palace and fortress in Granada. It __________________ between 1238 and 1358 at the end of Muslim rule in Spain. Despite the development that followed the Christian conquest, it still looks like a medieval Moorish settlement.

23.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово SURVIVE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Since the Middle Ages, the Alhambra __________________ as a remarkable example of a Spanish-⁠Moorish town. As most fortresses of that time, it has a surrounding wall, but it looks fairly weak.

24.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово NOT DEFEND так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Later it __________________ the kings of Granada and was just supposed to offer nice views.

25.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово CONSIDER так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Today, the Alhambra __________________ to be one of the greatest examples of Islamic architecture.

26.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова SUDDEN од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Victoria Falls

Before you even see the falls, you hear and feel them. As you walk along the trail to the entrance, the sound of rumbling water sounds in the background and __________________ your face is hit with a breeze of humidity and mist.

27.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова VOLCANO од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

At 2 km wide and 100 m tall, Victoria Falls is the world’s largest curtain of falling water, and is twice the width and height of Niagara Falls. Victoria Falls was formed from intense __________________ activity almost 200 million years ago.

28.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова FAME од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

As you approach Victoria Falls from the nearby town of Livingstone, you first have to pass a larger-⁠than-⁠life statue of Livingstone, one of the most __________________ explorers.

29.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова EUROPE од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

"Livingstone was the first __________________ to see Victoria Falls and then spread the word about them," said Dr. Lawrence.

30.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова EXCITE од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

"Part of the reason the news of great waterfalls in central Africa was so __________________ in the middle of the 19th century was that many people thought that the centre of the continent was a desert," he added.

31.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова EXPLORE од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

Dr. Lawrence is a lecturer at Scotland’s University of Edinburgh who specialises in the history of science and __________________ in Africa.

32.  
i

After the war

When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 30 _______ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important.

The ceremony turned 31 _______ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 32 _______ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford  — as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year.

We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 33 _______ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 34 _______ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 35 _______ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 36 _______ was, "Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end."


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Although.

2.  Therefore.

3.  Moreover.

4.  However.

33.  
i

After the war

When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 30 _______ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important.

The ceremony turned 31 _______ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 32 _______ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford  — as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year.

We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 33 _______ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 34 _______ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 35 _______ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 36 _______ was, "Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end."


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Off.

2.  Into.

3.  Out.

4.  Over.

34.  
i

After the war

When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 30 _______ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important.

The ceremony turned 31 _______ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 32 _______ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford  — as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year.

We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 33 _______ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 34 _______ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 35 _______ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 36 _______ was, "Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end."


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Until.

2.  Unless.

3.  During.

4.  While.

35.  
i

After the war

When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 30 _______ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important.

The ceremony turned 31 _______ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 32 _______ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford  — as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year.

We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 33 _______ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 34 _______ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 35 _______ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 36 _______ was, "Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end."


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Event.

2.  Occasion.

3.  Case.

4.  Point.

36.  
i

After the war

When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 30 _______ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important.

The ceremony turned 31 _______ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 32 _______ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford  — as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year.

We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 33 _______ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 34 _______ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 35 _______ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 36 _______ was, "Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end."


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Offered.

2.  Proposed.

3.  Suggested.

4.  Presented.

37.  
i

After the war

When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 30 _______ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important.

The ceremony turned 31 _______ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 32 _______ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford  — as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year.

We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 33 _______ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 34 _______ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 35 _______ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 36 _______ was, "Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end."


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Take.

2.  Hold.

3.  Keep.

4.  Make.

38.  
i

After the war

When the war ended I returned to Trinity College and was granted an extra year to complete my degree. 30 _______ my father and mother considered my grant at Trinity the highlight of the year, I thought Dad’s receiving an award from the Queen was more important.

The ceremony turned 31 _______ to be a double delight, because I was able to witness my old tutor, Professor Bradford, receive his award for the role he had played in the field of breaking German military codes 32 _______ the war. I was proud of our little team working under Professor Bradford  — as Churchill stated in the House of Commons, we had probably cut the length of the war by a year.

We all met up afterwards for tea at the Ritz, and not unnaturally at some 33 _______ during the afternoon the conversation switched to what career I proposed to follow now the war was over. To my father’s credit he had never once 34 _______ that I should join him at the family company, especially as I knew how much he had longed for another son who might eventually 35 _______ his place. In fact, during the summer vacation I became even more conscious of my good fortune, as Father seemed to be preoccupied with the business and Mother was unable to hide her own anxiety about the future of the company. But whenever I asked if I could help all she would 36 _______ was, "Don’t worry, it will all work out in the end."


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Tell.

2.  Speak.

3.  Talk.

4.  Say.

39.  
i

You have received a letter from your English-⁠speaking pen-⁠friend Nancy who writes:

 

… This year we had a school costume party for Halloween. It was a big success. What costume would you fancy wearing to a costume party? What would you rather do: make a costume yourself or buy one, and why? What do you think of costume parties in general?

Our history teacher is taking us to a museum for a field trip next week …

 

Write a letter to Nancy.

In your letter

- answer her questions

- ask 3 questions about the museum.

 

Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

40.  
i

Вы­бе­ри­те толь­ко ОДНО из двух пред­ло­жен­ных вы­ска­зы­ва­ний и вы­ра­зи­те свое мне­ние по пред­ло­жен­ной про­бле­ме со­глас­но дан­но­му плану.

 

Comment on one of the following statements.

 

1.  It’s easier to make friends than to keep them.

2.  Education polishes good natures and corrects bad ones.

 

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position

41.  
i

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

 

...You don’t see many birds in winter. Most have left your area. Those that stay are not as active. Activity uses energy that is needed to keep warm. The worst problems for birds in winter are getting enough heat and holding on to the heat once it is made. These are problems for all birds. But it is especially true for very small ones. They cannot find enough food. The weather stays so cold for so long that they cannot eat enough to keep alive. But birds have many ways of fighting the cold.

You shiver to keep warm. The heat that you make is made mostly in your muscles. The muscles make more heat when they are active. So one way of keeping warm is to move about, use your muscles. Another way is to shiver. When your body needs heat, the muscles tighten and loosen quickly. They become active. Just as you shiver to keep warm, so do birds.

42.  
i

Study the advertisement.

 

 

You are considering visiting the city and now you'd like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out the following:

1)  dates for departures

2)  hotel facilities

3)  if breakfast is included

4)  number of city tours

5)  discounts

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

43.  
i

These are photos from your photo album. Choose one photo to describe to your friend.

1

2

3

 

You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12–15 sentences). In your talk remember to speak about:

 

• where and when the photo was taken

• what/who is in the photo

• what is happening

• why you keep the photo in your album

• why you decided to show the picture to your friend

 

You have to talk continuously, starting with: "I’ve chosen photo number … ".

44.  
i

Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:

 

• give a brief description of the photos (action, location)

• say what the pictures have in common

• say in what way the pictures are different

• say which of the concerts presented in the pictures you’d prefer

• explain why

 

You will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.