Заголовок: ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2021. Досрочная волна.
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РЕШУ ЕГЭ — английский язык
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ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2021. Досрочная волна.

1.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те 6 вы­ска­зы­ва­ний. Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между вы­ска­зы­ва­ни­я­ми каж­до­го го­во­ря­ще­го A–F и утвер­жде­ни­я­ми, дан­ны­ми в спис­ке 1–7. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дое утвер­жде­ние, обо­зна­чен­ное со­от­вет­ству­ю­щей циф­рой, толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии есть одно лиш­нее утвер­жде­ние. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

1.  Sleeping well is important to be healthy.

2.  The quality of your sleep depends on where you are.

3.  Sleeping problems are connected with ageing.

4.  Modern gadgets can negatively affect your sleep.

5.  Everybody must improve their sleeping habits.

6.  Sports can help people to sleep better.

7.  Thinking too much before bedtime is a bad idea.

 

Го­во­ря­щийABCDEF
Утвер­жде­ние


2.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те диа­лог. Опре­де­ли­те, какие из при­ве­ден­ных утвер­жде­ний А–G со­от­вет­ству­ют со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста (1  — True), какие не со­от­вет­ству­ют (2  — False) и о чем в тек­сте не ска­за­но, то есть на ос­но­ва­нии тек­ста нель­зя дать ни по­ло­жи­тель­но­го, ни от­ри­ца­тель­но­го от­ве­та (3  — Not stated). За­не­си­те номер вы­бран­но­го Вами ва­ри­ан­та от­ве­та в таб­ли­цу. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

A.  Jack and Mary live in London.

B.  Mary was an exchange student in Russia.

C.  Some of Mary’s friends have visited Russia as well.

D.  Russian people turned out to be rather outgoing.

E.  Mary wasn’t able to see any Russian cities.

F.  Mary knew some Russian before the trip.

G.  Anna is studying English at university.

 

За­пи­ши­те в ответ цифры, рас­по­ло­жив их в по­ряд­ке, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щем бук­вам:

ABCDEFG
3.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью. В за­да­ни­ях 3–9 за­пи­ши­те в поле от­ве­та цифру 1, 2 или 3, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щую вы­бран­но­му Вами ва­ри­ан­ту от­ве­та. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

What do we learn about Pamela Smith at the beginning of the interview?

 

1.  She has worked in various spheres.

2.  She is the most famous mythologist.

3.  She has won many different awards.


4.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью. В за­да­ни­ях 3–9 за­пи­ши­те в поле от­ве­та цифру 1, 2 или 3, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щую вы­бран­но­му Вами ва­ри­ан­ту от­ве­та. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

What is Pamela’s latest book about?

 

1.  Non-⁠verbal communication.

2.  Modern multi-⁠cultural society.

3.  Visual special effects in media.


5.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью. В за­да­ни­ях 3–9 за­пи­ши­те в поле от­ве­та цифру 1, 2 или 3, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щую вы­бран­но­му Вами ва­ри­ан­ту от­ве­та. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

How can Pamela’s book help writers?

 

1.  It teaches them to cross cultural borders.

2.  It enables them to write more impressively.

3.  It improves their intuition and imagination.


6.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью. В за­да­ни­ях 3–9 за­пи­ши­те в поле от­ве­та цифру 1, 2 или 3, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щую вы­бран­но­му Вами ва­ри­ан­ту от­ве­та. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

What is special about the symbol of the air?

 

1.  It is absolutely necessary to live.

2.  It is invisible for the human eye.

3.  It has a lot of interpretations.


7.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью. В за­да­ни­ях 3–9 за­пи­ши­те в поле от­ве­та цифру 1, 2 или 3, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щую вы­бран­но­му Вами ва­ри­ан­ту от­ве­та. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

How does Pamela describe her working space?

 

1.  Hectic and eventful.

2.  Restful and relaxing.

3.  Nice and modern.


8.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью. В за­да­ни­ях 3–9 за­пи­ши­те в поле от­ве­та цифру 1, 2 или 3, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щую вы­бран­но­му Вами ва­ри­ан­ту от­ве­та. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

What does Pamela NOT mention speaking about her current work?

 

1.  Publishing some more books.

2.  Teaching private online classes.

3.  Delivering conference presentations.


9.  
i

Вы услы­ши­те ин­тер­вью. В за­да­ни­ях 3–9 за­пи­ши­те в поле от­ве­та цифру 1, 2 или 3, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щую вы­бран­но­му Вами ва­ри­ан­ту от­ве­та. Вы услы­ши­те за­пись два­жды.

 

 

Why does Pamela think traditional plots are necessary for writers?

 

1.  They are extremely powerful.

2.  They can help tell stories of the past.

3.  They have stood the test of time.


10.  
i

Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между тек­ста­ми A–G и за­го­лов­ка­ми 1–8. За­пи­ши­те свои от­ве­ты в таб­ли­цу. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дую цифру толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии один за­го­ло­вок лиш­ний.

 

1.  First things first.

2.  Set objectives wisely.

3.  Delegate and refuse.

4.  Plan for efficiency.

5.  Not only work matters.

6.  Avoid distractions.

7.  The faster, the better.

8.  Importance of time management.

 

A. Time is precious, particularly when it comes to running a small business. While being your own boss is a dream for many, it comes with a lot of responsibility. No doubt, you never seem to be able to check off all the items on your to-⁠do list. From networking to marketing your company, it may seem like there’s an endless number of tasks and never enough time. If you want to maintain a healthy work-⁠life balance, your time management skills really need to be on point. After all, there are never more than 24 hours in a day.

 

B. Goal setting is crucial to any good time management strategy. To make sure you’re engaging in activities that support your business goals, both short- and long-⁠term, you need to define those goals in terms that are clear and achievable. After all, if your goal is just "to grow your business," you might find yourself stressed and not know where to begin. Standing for "Smart, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-⁠bound", SMART goals provide clear, step-⁠by-⁠step tasks to help you get where you need to go.

 

C. Once you have set your goals and determined the individual tasks you need to do to achieve them, it’s time to prioritise. Of course, you want to make sure you’re getting things done, but they should be the right things. Stephen Covey offers advice on how to work through your to-⁠do list based on urgency. Focus your energy on completing your most important and urgent tasks before moving on to less time-⁠sensitive items. Low-⁠priority stuff offers the illusion of being busy. Do these later.

 

D. One of the worst things you can do is jump into the workday with no clear idea about what needs to get done. While it might seem like a waste of time to take five to ten minutes to think ahead rather than getting straight down to business, you’ll be surprised at how much more efficient you can be just by dedicating a little time to planning out the rest of the day. If you schedule your time wisely, you can focus on one task at a time, rather than wasting time jumping from one thing to the next. This allows you to work smarter, not harder.

 

E. Start paying attention to the number of times someone interrupts you when you are doing an important task. Track self-⁠induced interruptions, too, particularly those of the social media variety. Your smartphone is extremely useful, but it’s also highly addictive and among the most harmful time-⁠wasters known to man. It may take a massive exercise in will power, but shut the door and turn off your phone to maximize your time. Instead of being "always on", plan a break in the day to catch up on email, make phone calls, etc.

 

F. If you have hired talented, dedicated employees, one of the most impactful management tools is asking them to handle some tasks. Running a successful small business depends on the owner’s ability to think about what lies ahead and not get stuck in day-⁠to-⁠day operations. Look for opportunities to pass responsibility for specific tasks to others on your team. That’s what you hired them for, isn’t it? If you have to decline a request in order to attend to what’s truly important and urgent, do not hesitate to do so.

 

G. Taking care of yourself is important. In fact, one Harvard study found that insomnia can cause the average worker to lose up to 11.3 days of productivity each year, while another study found that regular exercise helps improve concentration, sharpen memory, speed up your ability to learn, and even lower your stress levels. Making sure you have some free time each day to spend on the people and things you love is important for your mental health, and can help keep you energised and passionate about your work.

 

ТекстABCDEFG
За­го­ло­вок
11.  
i

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Aurora

The cruiser Aurora is a museum in St. Petersburg. It is a former Russian naval ship that has played an important part in the country’s history.

The Aurora was built between 1897 and 1900 at the Admiralty shipyard in St. Petersburg. The cruiser was one of the largest ships of its time. After its construction was complete, the Aurora took its place as part of the Russian 2nd Squadron in the Pacific Ocean. In May 1905, it took part in the Battle of Tsushima and was one of just a few Russian ships A _______________________. After the battle in the Baltic, it returned to St. Petersburg B _______________________.

The ship served during World War I. When it returned to St. Petersburg in 1916 for major repairs, the city was on the edge of revolution C _______________________ the 1917 February Revolution. Soon the Aurora was to play a huge part in the October revolution. The ship is famous for firing the shot D _______________________ the Winter Palace.

Once again in 1922, the Aurora served as a training ship. During World War II, the ship’s guns were removed to use for land defense. Unfortunately, being left defenseless it was sunk in Leningrad harbour to keep it from E _______________________. The ship was brought back to the surface in 1944 and later, after extensive repairs, it was permanently anchored at the harbour and became a museum in 1957.

The Aurora is now maintained by cadets from the nearby Nakhimov Navy School. Admission is free to the public, F _______________________ a small fee.

 

1.  though a visit to the engine room carries

2.  and became a cadet training ship

3.  that survived the intense naval battle

4.  falling into the hands of the Germans

5.  that signaled the prepared attack on

6.  and many crew members joined

7.  protecting the territory of the harbour

 

Про­пускABCDEF
Часть пред­ло­же­ния
12.  
i

Are tours really so bad?

I’ve always been all for independent travel and my friends often ask me: if tours are really so bad, why so many people do them?

Well, I wouldn’t be so straightforward. First of all, tours provide higher quality at better value. I’ve always been trying to break down costs for independent travel in different cities around the world, so it might seem strange when I say that tours are actually a better value. The reality is that in most places, the absolute cheapest way to travel is independently, but that means hostel bunks and street food instead of hotels and restaurants. And in a country like China, the tours are much cheaper than independent travel at any standard.

Of course, the reason for this is that a tour provider can book 20 hotel rooms every week with one phone call, so they get amazing hotel rates that independent travellers couldn’t dream of. The same is true with restaurants and even attractions, where large groups are much cheaper per person than singles. Even with a tour provider mark-⁠up, you still get a better deal in most cases.

Another important thing for many of us is that there is little or no stress with language or culture barriers. Even in an English-⁠speaking country, it can be confusing on your first visit, and things like finding hotels and even museums can be headaches. When in countries with other languages, the level of confusion gets multiplied, often further compounded by touts and other illegal sellers who make a living trying to steer you somewhere else. On a tour you’ll always have an English speaker who knows the local area well between you and the potential obstacles. It’s almost like having an old friend living in the area, who can tell you exactly where to go and whom to ignore.

That leads us to the next point. Tours provide security and accountability. No method of travel is 100% safe and secure, but at least when you are on a tour you know that people who know the risks are working on your behalf. Travelling on your own, if your hotel says it’s fully booked, then you are out on the street. But with a tour, it’s up to them to find you a new room nearby, which would be far easier even if it did happen.

If you get sick or injured on your own, you are on your own, while on a tour there will be an experienced person there to help get medicine or look after you. I had a large backpack stolen off a train because the luggage area works on the honour system. Had I been on a tour, someone would likely have put everything in a secure place because their reputation depends on clients making it home with all their gear.

And last but not least, itineraries on tours are designed by professionals. Everyone obviously has different tastes when sightseeing, but that doesn’t mean that independent travellers always make the right decisions. The typical first-⁠time visitor to a big city will try to schedule 18 hours worth of sightseeing into every day, which obviously doesn’t work once you get there. These tour companies that have been around for a long time tend to do a great job maximising sightseeing time but also adding in leisure time, meal time, and sleep time. In the era of ubiquitous reviews not to mention social media, these tour companies can only survive if they provide a product that people feel good about when it’s done. Not only can they get you between sights more quickly, but they also know when clients prefer to relax and slow down.

All said and done, I am not writing this to put you off independent travel but rather to make you look before you leap.


The author’s travel experience is...

 

1.  ...mostly in China.

2.  ...quite extensive.

3.  ...strange in a way.

4.  ...rather limited.

13.  
i

Are tours really so bad?

I’ve always been all for independent travel and my friends often ask me: if tours are really so bad, why so many people do them?

Well, I wouldn’t be so straightforward. First of all, tours provide higher quality at better value. I’ve always been trying to break down costs for independent travel in different cities around the world, so it might seem strange when I say that tours are actually a better value. The reality is that in most places, the absolute cheapest way to travel is independently, but that means hostel bunks and street food instead of hotels and restaurants. And in a country like China, the tours are much cheaper than independent travel at any standard.

Of course, the reason for this is that a tour provider can book 20 hotel rooms every week with one phone call, so they get amazing hotel rates that independent travellers couldn’t dream of. The same is true with restaurants and even attractions, where large groups are much cheaper per person than singles. Even with a tour provider mark-⁠up, you still get a better deal in most cases.

Another important thing for many of us is that there is little or no stress with language or culture barriers. Even in an English-⁠speaking country, it can be confusing on your first visit, and things like finding hotels and even museums can be headaches. When in countries with other languages, the level of confusion gets multiplied, often further compounded by touts and other illegal sellers who make a living trying to steer you somewhere else. On a tour you’ll always have an English speaker who knows the local area well between you and the potential obstacles. It’s almost like having an old friend living in the area, who can tell you exactly where to go and whom to ignore.

That leads us to the next point. Tours provide security and accountability. No method of travel is 100% safe and secure, but at least when you are on a tour you know that people who know the risks are working on your behalf. Travelling on your own, if your hotel says it’s fully booked, then you are out on the street. But with a tour, it’s up to them to find you a new room nearby, which would be far easier even if it did happen.

If you get sick or injured on your own, you are on your own, while on a tour there will be an experienced person there to help get medicine or look after you. I had a large backpack stolen off a train because the luggage area works on the honour system. Had I been on a tour, someone would likely have put everything in a secure place because their reputation depends on clients making it home with all their gear.

And last but not least, itineraries on tours are designed by professionals. Everyone obviously has different tastes when sightseeing, but that doesn’t mean that independent travellers always make the right decisions. The typical first-⁠time visitor to a big city will try to schedule 18 hours worth of sightseeing into every day, which obviously doesn’t work once you get there. These tour companies that have been around for a long time tend to do a great job maximising sightseeing time but also adding in leisure time, meal time, and sleep time. In the era of ubiquitous reviews not to mention social media, these tour companies can only survive if they provide a product that people feel good about when it’s done. Not only can they get you between sights more quickly, but they also know when clients prefer to relax and slow down.

All said and done, I am not writing this to put you off independent travel but rather to make you look before you leap.


According to the article, tours may be less expensive...

 

1.  ...if you book them for a group.

2.  ...because of individual discounts.

3.  ...because of an agency’s massive orders.

4.  ...if you choose hostels and street food.

14.  
i

Are tours really so bad?

I’ve always been all for independent travel and my friends often ask me: if tours are really so bad, why so many people do them?

Well, I wouldn’t be so straightforward. First of all, tours provide higher quality at better value. I’ve always been trying to break down costs for independent travel in different cities around the world, so it might seem strange when I say that tours are actually a better value. The reality is that in most places, the absolute cheapest way to travel is independently, but that means hostel bunks and street food instead of hotels and restaurants. And in a country like China, the tours are much cheaper than independent travel at any standard.

Of course, the reason for this is that a tour provider can book 20 hotel rooms every week with one phone call, so they get amazing hotel rates that independent travellers couldn’t dream of. The same is true with restaurants and even attractions, where large groups are much cheaper per person than singles. Even with a tour provider mark-⁠up, you still get a better deal in most cases.

Another important thing for many of us is that there is little or no stress with language or culture barriers. Even in an English-⁠speaking country, it can be confusing on your first visit, and things like finding hotels and even museums can be headaches. When in countries with other languages, the level of confusion gets multiplied, often further compounded by touts and other illegal sellers who make a living trying to steer you somewhere else. On a tour you’ll always have an English speaker who knows the local area well between you and the potential obstacles. It’s almost like having an old friend living in the area, who can tell you exactly where to go and whom to ignore.

That leads us to the next point. Tours provide security and accountability. No method of travel is 100% safe and secure, but at least when you are on a tour you know that people who know the risks are working on your behalf. Travelling on your own, if your hotel says it’s fully booked, then you are out on the street. But with a tour, it’s up to them to find you a new room nearby, which would be far easier even if it did happen.

If you get sick or injured on your own, you are on your own, while on a tour there will be an experienced person there to help get medicine or look after you. I had a large backpack stolen off a train because the luggage area works on the honour system. Had I been on a tour, someone would likely have put everything in a secure place because their reputation depends on clients making it home with all their gear.

And last but not least, itineraries on tours are designed by professionals. Everyone obviously has different tastes when sightseeing, but that doesn’t mean that independent travellers always make the right decisions. The typical first-⁠time visitor to a big city will try to schedule 18 hours worth of sightseeing into every day, which obviously doesn’t work once you get there. These tour companies that have been around for a long time tend to do a great job maximising sightseeing time but also adding in leisure time, meal time, and sleep time. In the era of ubiquitous reviews not to mention social media, these tour companies can only survive if they provide a product that people feel good about when it’s done. Not only can they get you between sights more quickly, but they also know when clients prefer to relax and slow down.

All said and done, I am not writing this to put you off independent travel but rather to make you look before you leap.


It is implied that tour travel decreases your...

 

1.  ...culture-⁠related activities.

2.  ...ability to speak with locals.

3.  ...language-⁠learning experience.

4.  ...chances of being cheated.

15.  
i

Are tours really so bad?

I’ve always been all for independent travel and my friends often ask me: if tours are really so bad, why so many people do them?

Well, I wouldn’t be so straightforward. First of all, tours provide higher quality at better value. I’ve always been trying to break down costs for independent travel in different cities around the world, so it might seem strange when I say that tours are actually a better value. The reality is that in most places, the absolute cheapest way to travel is independently, but that means hostel bunks and street food instead of hotels and restaurants. And in a country like China, the tours are much cheaper than independent travel at any standard.

Of course, the reason for this is that a tour provider can book 20 hotel rooms every week with one phone call, so they get amazing hotel rates that independent travellers couldn’t dream of. The same is true with restaurants and even attractions, where large groups are much cheaper per person than singles. Even with a tour provider mark-⁠up, you still get a better deal in most cases.

Another important thing for many of us is that there is little or no stress with language or culture barriers. Even in an English-⁠speaking country, it can be confusing on your first visit, and things like finding hotels and even museums can be headaches. When in countries with other languages, the level of confusion gets multiplied, often further compounded by touts and other illegal sellers who make a living trying to steer you somewhere else. On a tour you’ll always have an English speaker who knows the local area well between you and the potential obstacles. It’s almost like having an old friend living in the area, who can tell you exactly where to go and whom to ignore.

That leads us to the next point. Tours provide security and accountability. No method of travel is 100% safe and secure, but at least when you are on a tour you know that people who know the risks are working on your behalf. Travelling on your own, if your hotel says it’s fully booked, then you are out on the street. But with a tour, it’s up to them to find you a new room nearby, which would be far easier even if it did happen.

If you get sick or injured on your own, you are on your own, while on a tour there will be an experienced person there to help get medicine or look after you. I had a large backpack stolen off a train because the luggage area works on the honour system. Had I been on a tour, someone would likely have put everything in a secure place because their reputation depends on clients making it home with all their gear.

And last but not least, itineraries on tours are designed by professionals. Everyone obviously has different tastes when sightseeing, but that doesn’t mean that independent travellers always make the right decisions. The typical first-⁠time visitor to a big city will try to schedule 18 hours worth of sightseeing into every day, which obviously doesn’t work once you get there. These tour companies that have been around for a long time tend to do a great job maximising sightseeing time but also adding in leisure time, meal time, and sleep time. In the era of ubiquitous reviews not to mention social media, these tour companies can only survive if they provide a product that people feel good about when it’s done. Not only can they get you between sights more quickly, but they also know when clients prefer to relax and slow down.

All said and done, I am not writing this to put you off independent travel but rather to make you look before you leap.


It in Paragraph 5 ("...even if it did happen.") most probably refers to...

 

1.  ...booking accommodation.

2.  ...looking for a new place.

3.  ...problem with accommodation.

4.  ...security in a hotel.

16.  
i

Are tours really so bad?

I’ve always been all for independent travel and my friends often ask me: if tours are really so bad, why so many people do them?

Well, I wouldn’t be so straightforward. First of all, tours provide higher quality at better value. I’ve always been trying to break down costs for independent travel in different cities around the world, so it might seem strange when I say that tours are actually a better value. The reality is that in most places, the absolute cheapest way to travel is independently, but that means hostel bunks and street food instead of hotels and restaurants. And in a country like China, the tours are much cheaper than independent travel at any standard.

Of course, the reason for this is that a tour provider can book 20 hotel rooms every week with one phone call, so they get amazing hotel rates that independent travellers couldn’t dream of. The same is true with restaurants and even attractions, where large groups are much cheaper per person than singles. Even with a tour provider mark-⁠up, you still get a better deal in most cases.

Another important thing for many of us is that there is little or no stress with language or culture barriers. Even in an English-⁠speaking country, it can be confusing on your first visit, and things like finding hotels and even museums can be headaches. When in countries with other languages, the level of confusion gets multiplied, often further compounded by touts and other illegal sellers who make a living trying to steer you somewhere else. On a tour you’ll always have an English speaker who knows the local area well between you and the potential obstacles. It’s almost like having an old friend living in the area, who can tell you exactly where to go and whom to ignore.

That leads us to the next point. Tours provide security and accountability. No method of travel is 100% safe and secure, but at least when you are on a tour you know that people who know the risks are working on your behalf. Travelling on your own, if your hotel says it’s fully booked, then you are out on the street. But with a tour, it’s up to them to find you a new room nearby, which would be far easier even if it did happen.

If you get sick or injured on your own, you are on your own, while on a tour there will be an experienced person there to help get medicine or look after you. I had a large backpack stolen off a train because the luggage area works on the honour system. Had I been on a tour, someone would likely have put everything in a secure place because their reputation depends on clients making it home with all their gear.

And last but not least, itineraries on tours are designed by professionals. Everyone obviously has different tastes when sightseeing, but that doesn’t mean that independent travellers always make the right decisions. The typical first-⁠time visitor to a big city will try to schedule 18 hours worth of sightseeing into every day, which obviously doesn’t work once you get there. These tour companies that have been around for a long time tend to do a great job maximising sightseeing time but also adding in leisure time, meal time, and sleep time. In the era of ubiquitous reviews not to mention social media, these tour companies can only survive if they provide a product that people feel good about when it’s done. Not only can they get you between sights more quickly, but they also know when clients prefer to relax and slow down.

All said and done, I am not writing this to put you off independent travel but rather to make you look before you leap.


The author’s backpack was stolen because...

 

1.  ...his luggage was unwatched.

2.  ...it was left at the train station.

3.  ...he was on a tour.

4.  ...he had to buy some medicine.

17.  
i

Are tours really so bad?

I’ve always been all for independent travel and my friends often ask me: if tours are really so bad, why so many people do them?

Well, I wouldn’t be so straightforward. First of all, tours provide higher quality at better value. I’ve always been trying to break down costs for independent travel in different cities around the world, so it might seem strange when I say that tours are actually a better value. The reality is that in most places, the absolute cheapest way to travel is independently, but that means hostel bunks and street food instead of hotels and restaurants. And in a country like China, the tours are much cheaper than independent travel at any standard.

Of course, the reason for this is that a tour provider can book 20 hotel rooms every week with one phone call, so they get amazing hotel rates that independent travellers couldn’t dream of. The same is true with restaurants and even attractions, where large groups are much cheaper per person than singles. Even with a tour provider mark-⁠up, you still get a better deal in most cases.

Another important thing for many of us is that there is little or no stress with language or culture barriers. Even in an English-⁠speaking country, it can be confusing on your first visit, and things like finding hotels and even museums can be headaches. When in countries with other languages, the level of confusion gets multiplied, often further compounded by touts and other illegal sellers who make a living trying to steer you somewhere else. On a tour you’ll always have an English speaker who knows the local area well between you and the potential obstacles. It’s almost like having an old friend living in the area, who can tell you exactly where to go and whom to ignore.

That leads us to the next point. Tours provide security and accountability. No method of travel is 100% safe and secure, but at least when you are on a tour you know that people who know the risks are working on your behalf. Travelling on your own, if your hotel says it’s fully booked, then you are out on the street. But with a tour, it’s up to them to find you a new room nearby, which would be far easier even if it did happen.

If you get sick or injured on your own, you are on your own, while on a tour there will be an experienced person there to help get medicine or look after you. I had a large backpack stolen off a train because the luggage area works on the honour system. Had I been on a tour, someone would likely have put everything in a secure place because their reputation depends on clients making it home with all their gear.

And last but not least, itineraries on tours are designed by professionals. Everyone obviously has different tastes when sightseeing, but that doesn’t mean that independent travellers always make the right decisions. The typical first-⁠time visitor to a big city will try to schedule 18 hours worth of sightseeing into every day, which obviously doesn’t work once you get there. These tour companies that have been around for a long time tend to do a great job maximising sightseeing time but also adding in leisure time, meal time, and sleep time. In the era of ubiquitous reviews not to mention social media, these tour companies can only survive if they provide a product that people feel good about when it’s done. Not only can they get you between sights more quickly, but they also know when clients prefer to relax and slow down.

All said and done, I am not writing this to put you off independent travel but rather to make you look before you leap.


The author believes that a sightseeing programme on organised tours is...

 

1.  ...undervalued.

2.  ...more packed.

3.  ...overrated.

4.  ...less strained.

18.  
i

Are tours really so bad?

I’ve always been all for independent travel and my friends often ask me: if tours are really so bad, why so many people do them?

Well, I wouldn’t be so straightforward. First of all, tours provide higher quality at better value. I’ve always been trying to break down costs for independent travel in different cities around the world, so it might seem strange when I say that tours are actually a better value. The reality is that in most places, the absolute cheapest way to travel is independently, but that means hostel bunks and street food instead of hotels and restaurants. And in a country like China, the tours are much cheaper than independent travel at any standard.

Of course, the reason for this is that a tour provider can book 20 hotel rooms every week with one phone call, so they get amazing hotel rates that independent travellers couldn’t dream of. The same is true with restaurants and even attractions, where large groups are much cheaper per person than singles. Even with a tour provider mark-⁠up, you still get a better deal in most cases.

Another important thing for many of us is that there is little or no stress with language or culture barriers. Even in an English-⁠speaking country, it can be confusing on your first visit, and things like finding hotels and even museums can be headaches. When in countries with other languages, the level of confusion gets multiplied, often further compounded by touts and other illegal sellers who make a living trying to steer you somewhere else. On a tour you’ll always have an English speaker who knows the local area well between you and the potential obstacles. It’s almost like having an old friend living in the area, who can tell you exactly where to go and whom to ignore.

That leads us to the next point. Tours provide security and accountability. No method of travel is 100% safe and secure, but at least when you are on a tour you know that people who know the risks are working on your behalf. Travelling on your own, if your hotel says it’s fully booked, then you are out on the street. But with a tour, it’s up to them to find you a new room nearby, which would be far easier even if it did happen.

If you get sick or injured on your own, you are on your own, while on a tour there will be an experienced person there to help get medicine or look after you. I had a large backpack stolen off a train because the luggage area works on the honour system. Had I been on a tour, someone would likely have put everything in a secure place because their reputation depends on clients making it home with all their gear.

And last but not least, itineraries on tours are designed by professionals. Everyone obviously has different tastes when sightseeing, but that doesn’t mean that independent travellers always make the right decisions. The typical first-⁠time visitor to a big city will try to schedule 18 hours worth of sightseeing into every day, which obviously doesn’t work once you get there. These tour companies that have been around for a long time tend to do a great job maximising sightseeing time but also adding in leisure time, meal time, and sleep time. In the era of ubiquitous reviews not to mention social media, these tour companies can only survive if they provide a product that people feel good about when it’s done. Not only can they get you between sights more quickly, but they also know when clients prefer to relax and slow down.

All said and done, I am not writing this to put you off independent travel but rather to make you look before you leap.


What does the author try to achieve in the article?

 

1.  Describe the benefits of organised travel.

2.  Compare various tour providers.

3.  Persuade the reader to choose tours.

4.  Warn the readers against travelling alone.

19.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово LISTEN так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Snakes

Snakes are beautiful but dangerous animals. That is why there are a lot of myths about them and their behaviour. Many people think snakes enjoy __________________ to music.

20.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово BELIEVE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

People __________________ this myth for a long time.

21.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово NOT HEAR так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

In fact, snakes __________________ music or sounds and react only to your movements. Isn’t it amazing?

22.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово ONE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

A lucky chance

Everybody knows Sofia Kovalevskaya. She was the __________________ woman to become the professor of mathematics.

23.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово GET так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

However, few people know that Sofia __________________ interested in mathematics at a very early age.

24.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово NOT BE так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

There __________________ enough wallpaper for her room and her parents put some sheets of paper instead.

25.  
i

Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово THIS так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

__________________ sheets turned out to be notes of lectures of a famous Russian mathematician.

26.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова CERTAIN од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

Capilano Suspension Bridge

Canada can boast of many sights. Capilano Suspension Bridge is __________________ one of them.

27.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова BEAUTY од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

It is a __________________ bridge in Canada, located near Vancouver. It is located at an altitude of 70 meters above the Capilano River.

28.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова TOUR од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

It was originally built as a shorter path to the local mill to make life easier for employees. Going over this bridge is quite an adventure for __________________.

29.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова WIND од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

If the weather is __________________, the bridge sways from side to side. Despite this, it is always crowded.

30.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова VARY од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

People come here for the fresh and clean air, the scent of pine needles and __________________ attractions on the other side of the bridge.

31.  
i

Об­ра­зуй­те от слова SHOP од­но­ко­рен­ное слово так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

 

There is a park there with all sorts of entertainment and great boutiques for enthusiastic __________________.

32.  
i

Lincoln

Lincoln stood in the library of William’s house in Russell Square, staring at the Renoir painting of the two red-⁠headed young women. It hung above the fireplace, and Lincoln understood why it took pride of place in this room. It was a masterpiece, and he could see that it 30 ______ William of Lily and Emily.

Lincoln had told William he needed to speak to him privately, and they had 31 ______ to meet here. Lily was still in Brighton with the children. The house was empty and very quiet this afternoon. John came in and, clearing his throat, asked, "Would you like something, sir? Perhaps, a cup of tea?" "No, thank you, John," Lincoln answered. Lincoln continued to study the marvelous Renoir. Suddenly William entered the room and apologized for 32 ______ him waiting.

"What’s this all about, Lincoln? You 33 ______ rather serious, even sad," William said. Lincoln was silent. He went and sat on a chair near the fireplace. William took the other chair, staring at him attentively.

"Brad Winston telephoned me just as I was leaving for lunch. He had apparently attempted to get hold of you here, but the line was busy. In 34 ______, he tried several times with no success. That’s why he finally got 35 ______ touch with me. He said that there was a terrible car 36 ______ sometime last night. Your brother George is in hospital now," Lincoln said.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Reviewed.

2.  Reminded.

3.  Recorded.

4.  Remembered.

33.  
i

Lincoln

Lincoln stood in the library of William’s house in Russell Square, staring at the Renoir painting of the two red-⁠headed young women. It hung above the fireplace, and Lincoln understood why it took pride of place in this room. It was a masterpiece, and he could see that it 30 ______ William of Lily and Emily.

Lincoln had told William he needed to speak to him privately, and they had 31 ______ to meet here. Lily was still in Brighton with the children. The house was empty and very quiet this afternoon. John came in and, clearing his throat, asked, "Would you like something, sir? Perhaps, a cup of tea?" "No, thank you, John," Lincoln answered. Lincoln continued to study the marvelous Renoir. Suddenly William entered the room and apologized for 32 ______ him waiting.

"What’s this all about, Lincoln? You 33 ______ rather serious, even sad," William said. Lincoln was silent. He went and sat on a chair near the fireplace. William took the other chair, staring at him attentively.

"Brad Winston telephoned me just as I was leaving for lunch. He had apparently attempted to get hold of you here, but the line was busy. In 34 ______, he tried several times with no success. That’s why he finally got 35 ______ touch with me. He said that there was a terrible car 36 ______ sometime last night. Your brother George is in hospital now," Lincoln said.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Arranged.

2.  Managed.

3.  Coordinated.

4.  Established.

34.  
i

Lincoln

Lincoln stood in the library of William’s house in Russell Square, staring at the Renoir painting of the two red-⁠headed young women. It hung above the fireplace, and Lincoln understood why it took pride of place in this room. It was a masterpiece, and he could see that it 30 ______ William of Lily and Emily.

Lincoln had told William he needed to speak to him privately, and they had 31 ______ to meet here. Lily was still in Brighton with the children. The house was empty and very quiet this afternoon. John came in and, clearing his throat, asked, "Would you like something, sir? Perhaps, a cup of tea?" "No, thank you, John," Lincoln answered. Lincoln continued to study the marvelous Renoir. Suddenly William entered the room and apologized for 32 ______ him waiting.

"What’s this all about, Lincoln? You 33 ______ rather serious, even sad," William said. Lincoln was silent. He went and sat on a chair near the fireplace. William took the other chair, staring at him attentively.

"Brad Winston telephoned me just as I was leaving for lunch. He had apparently attempted to get hold of you here, but the line was busy. In 34 ______, he tried several times with no success. That’s why he finally got 35 ______ touch with me. He said that there was a terrible car 36 ______ sometime last night. Your brother George is in hospital now," Lincoln said.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Holding.

2.  Keeping.

3.  Fixing.

4.  Carrying.

35.  
i

Lincoln

Lincoln stood in the library of William’s house in Russell Square, staring at the Renoir painting of the two red-⁠headed young women. It hung above the fireplace, and Lincoln understood why it took pride of place in this room. It was a masterpiece, and he could see that it 30 ______ William of Lily and Emily.

Lincoln had told William he needed to speak to him privately, and they had 31 ______ to meet here. Lily was still in Brighton with the children. The house was empty and very quiet this afternoon. John came in and, clearing his throat, asked, "Would you like something, sir? Perhaps, a cup of tea?" "No, thank you, John," Lincoln answered. Lincoln continued to study the marvelous Renoir. Suddenly William entered the room and apologized for 32 ______ him waiting.

"What’s this all about, Lincoln? You 33 ______ rather serious, even sad," William said. Lincoln was silent. He went and sat on a chair near the fireplace. William took the other chair, staring at him attentively.

"Brad Winston telephoned me just as I was leaving for lunch. He had apparently attempted to get hold of you here, but the line was busy. In 34 ______, he tried several times with no success. That’s why he finally got 35 ______ touch with me. He said that there was a terrible car 36 ______ sometime last night. Your brother George is in hospital now," Lincoln said.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Watch.

2.  Glance.

3.  See.

4.  Look.

36.  
i

Lincoln

Lincoln stood in the library of William’s house in Russell Square, staring at the Renoir painting of the two red-⁠headed young women. It hung above the fireplace, and Lincoln understood why it took pride of place in this room. It was a masterpiece, and he could see that it 30 ______ William of Lily and Emily.

Lincoln had told William he needed to speak to him privately, and they had 31 ______ to meet here. Lily was still in Brighton with the children. The house was empty and very quiet this afternoon. John came in and, clearing his throat, asked, "Would you like something, sir? Perhaps, a cup of tea?" "No, thank you, John," Lincoln answered. Lincoln continued to study the marvelous Renoir. Suddenly William entered the room and apologized for 32 ______ him waiting.

"What’s this all about, Lincoln? You 33 ______ rather serious, even sad," William said. Lincoln was silent. He went and sat on a chair near the fireplace. William took the other chair, staring at him attentively.

"Brad Winston telephoned me just as I was leaving for lunch. He had apparently attempted to get hold of you here, but the line was busy. In 34 ______, he tried several times with no success. That’s why he finally got 35 ______ touch with me. He said that there was a terrible car 36 ______ sometime last night. Your brother George is in hospital now," Lincoln said.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Fact.

2.  Time.

3.  Place.

4.  Point.

37.  
i

Lincoln

Lincoln stood in the library of William’s house in Russell Square, staring at the Renoir painting of the two red-⁠headed young women. It hung above the fireplace, and Lincoln understood why it took pride of place in this room. It was a masterpiece, and he could see that it 30 ______ William of Lily and Emily.

Lincoln had told William he needed to speak to him privately, and they had 31 ______ to meet here. Lily was still in Brighton with the children. The house was empty and very quiet this afternoon. John came in and, clearing his throat, asked, "Would you like something, sir? Perhaps, a cup of tea?" "No, thank you, John," Lincoln answered. Lincoln continued to study the marvelous Renoir. Suddenly William entered the room and apologized for 32 ______ him waiting.

"What’s this all about, Lincoln? You 33 ______ rather serious, even sad," William said. Lincoln was silent. He went and sat on a chair near the fireplace. William took the other chair, staring at him attentively.

"Brad Winston telephoned me just as I was leaving for lunch. He had apparently attempted to get hold of you here, but the line was busy. In 34 ______, he tried several times with no success. That’s why he finally got 35 ______ touch with me. He said that there was a terrible car 36 ______ sometime last night. Your brother George is in hospital now," Lincoln said.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  By.

2.  At.

3.  On.

4.  In.

38.  
i

Lincoln

Lincoln stood in the library of William’s house in Russell Square, staring at the Renoir painting of the two red-⁠headed young women. It hung above the fireplace, and Lincoln understood why it took pride of place in this room. It was a masterpiece, and he could see that it 30 ______ William of Lily and Emily.

Lincoln had told William he needed to speak to him privately, and they had 31 ______ to meet here. Lily was still in Brighton with the children. The house was empty and very quiet this afternoon. John came in and, clearing his throat, asked, "Would you like something, sir? Perhaps, a cup of tea?" "No, thank you, John," Lincoln answered. Lincoln continued to study the marvelous Renoir. Suddenly William entered the room and apologized for 32 ______ him waiting.

"What’s this all about, Lincoln? You 33 ______ rather serious, even sad," William said. Lincoln was silent. He went and sat on a chair near the fireplace. William took the other chair, staring at him attentively.

"Brad Winston telephoned me just as I was leaving for lunch. He had apparently attempted to get hold of you here, but the line was busy. In 34 ______, he tried several times with no success. That’s why he finally got 35 ______ touch with me. He said that there was a terrible car 36 ______ sometime last night. Your brother George is in hospital now," Lincoln said.


Вставь­те про­пу­щен­ное слово.

 

1.  Incident.

2.  Occasion.

3.  Accident.

4.  Event.

39.  
i

You have received a letter from your English-⁠speaking pen-⁠friend Nora who writes:

 

... My mom says I have too many dreams. What kind of dreams do you have? What personal qualities do you need to realise your wishes? Do you tell anyone about your dreams, why yes or no?

Last weekend my elder brother went hiking …

 

Write a letter to Nora.

In your letter:

  — answer his questions;

  — ask 3 questions about her elder brother.

Write 100–140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

40.  
i

Вы­бе­ри­те толь­ко ОДНО из двух пред­ло­жен­ных вы­ска­зы­ва­ний и вы­ра­зи­те свое мне­ние по пред­ло­жен­ной про­бле­ме со­глас­но дан­но­му плану.

 

Comment on one of the following statements.

 

1.  Summer is the best time for self-⁠education.

2.  Parents play the most significant role in teenagers’ life.

 

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

  — make an introduction (state the problem paraphrasing the given statement);

  — express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion;

  — express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion;

  — explain why you do not agree with the opposing opinion;

  — write a conclusion restating your position

41.  
i

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

 

Thanks to their industries, British towns grew into cities in the late 1800s. Many people became much better off, and their standards of living improved greatly. Rich families even had houses with bathrooms.

At that time the British took advantage of new railway lines built to carry people and goods from one part of the country to another. For the first time people could travel long distances quickly and cheaply. Steam engines were used to power locomotives as well as boats. One more improvement was the setup of a cheap postal service. Streets were lit by gas lamps, so they became safe. Special men lit the lamps every evening. People could also travel around the city cheaply using the horse-⁠drawn buses. Some people, even women, started to ride bicycles. So, Great Britain and the British people were celebrating their wealth.

42.  
i

Study the advertisement.

You are considering finding a part-⁠time job and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out about the following:

 

1)  kinds of jobs;

2)  salary;

3)  skills needed;

4)  minimum age;

5)  whom to contact.

 

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

43.  
i

These are photos from your photo album. Choose one photo to describe to your friend.

 

1

2

3

 

You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12−15 sentences). In your talk remember to speak about:

• where and when the photo was taken;

• what/who is in the photo;

• what is happening;

• why you keep the photo in your album;

• why you decided to show the picture to your friend.

 

You have to talk continuously, starting with: "I’ve chosen photo number …".

44.  
i

Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:

 

• give a brief description of the photos (action, location);

• say what the pictures have in common;

• say in what way the pictures are different;

• say which way of spending free time presented in the pictures you prefer;

• explain why

 

You will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12−15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.