Пре­об­ра­зуй­те, если это не­об­хо­ди­мо, слово CHEMISTRY так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски и лек­си­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста.

These include the dumping of __________________and other waste on the land, the emission into the air of smoke and other toxic substances from factories, and the discharge of industrial effluents into rivers.